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Biology 12 > nervous system > Flashcards

nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

what are the two subdivisions of the nervous system

A

central nervous system

peripheral nervous system

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2
Q

what does the central nervous system inclued

A

brain, spinal cord

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3
Q

what does the peripheral nervous syetem include

A

sensory receptors, nerves

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4
Q

what are sensory receptors

A

neurons or specialized cells that detect stimuli

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5
Q

what type of stimuli do sensory receports detect

A

temperature, pain, touch, pressure, light

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6
Q

What are neurons

A

nerve cells: transmit impulses between parts of the nervous system

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7
Q

descfibe sensory neuron:

A

deliver impulses from receptors to central nervous system.

long dendrites and short axons

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8
Q

describe motor neurons

A

send messages from central nervous system to “effector cells”(muscles, organs, gland)
short dendrites, long axons

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9
Q

describe interneurons

A

between sensory and motor neurons
only in central nervous system
sum up sensory input
short axons and dendrites

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10
Q

what is a dendrite

A

extensions that receive stimuli and deliver it to cell body

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11
Q

what is the cell body

A

contains the nucleus and organells

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12
Q

what is the axon

A

delivers impulse from cell body to other neurons or effector

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13
Q

axons and dendrites can be surrounded by what type of cells

A

schwan cells with layers of fatty myelin tissue

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14
Q

what does myelin do

A

protects and speeds transmission of imopulse

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15
Q

what are rodes of ranvier

A

they are gaps between schwan cells on the axons

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16
Q

what does a nerve do

A

recieces and responds to many stimuli

17
Q

how does the nerve send its information

A

electrical impulse (action potential), ion charge

18
Q

describe resting neuron

A
  • no impulse
  • inside of neuron negative relative to outside
  • interior contains k
  • exterior contains na
  • polarity is maintained by sodium/potassium pump
19
Q

describe nerve stimulation

A

-rapid change in polarity along axon and dendrite

depolarization, re-polarization

20
Q

describe depolarization

A
  • stimulus causes change in local membrane charge
  • voltage-gated na channels open
  • na enters neuron.
  • change in polarity inside neuron
21
Q

repolarization

A
  • na gates close, k channels open
  • polarity inside neuron goes back to negative
  • na/k concentration is now opposite of resting neuron
22
Q

describe refractory period (recovery)

A
  • carrier proteins actively transport ions to original position
  • no action potential can occur until resting ion concentration is reestablished
23
Q

what is a synapse

A

small space between neurons

a point of communication between two neurons, separated

24
Q

what does presynaptic membranes do

A

“deliver information” in the form of neurotransmitters

25
Q

what do postsynaptic membranes do

A

recieve information because they have receptors for neurotransmitters

26
Q

what are neurotransmitters

A

-has its own unique shape to fit into corresponding receptor like lock and key

27
Q

where is the pituitary gland

A

below the hypothalamas in the lower brain

28
Q

cerebral cortex

A

the cortex is the outer layer of the brain just under the scull where complex thinking occurs
“imagine a texas cowboy hat on top of a brain”

29
Q

corplus colusom

A

is the fibres that connects the two halves of the brain. thus, it addds the two parts together.
“think of corPLUS calloSUM. simce the corpus callosum cordinates communication betwen the two hemispheres, think of corpus callsomeone

30
Q

thalamus

A

the thalamus takes sensations that come from the body and directs them to the appropriate part in the brain for processing.
“Think hal and amos- two traffic cops in the brain who direct these sensatios to the right route

31
Q

hypothalamus

A

the hypothalamus regulates things such as temperature, thirst, hunger, sex drive.
“think of hypo the lamas. your lamas are hot, sweaty, and thirsty, so you use a hypo to spray water on them.”

32
Q

Amygdala

A

the amygdala controls your sence of fear.

33
Q

pons:

A

the pons helps uou relax and sleep, breathing, heartrate.

think of a relaxing pond

34
Q

cerebellum

A

the cerebellum helps in coordination and balance.

picture your favorite athlete with bells all over his or her body

35
Q

recticular formation

A

helps you become alert and aroused when you need to be.
think of what would happen if someone tickeled you while you were napping; the recticular formation would kick into gear and wake you up

36
Q

medulla

A

the medulla regulates teh autonomic activity of your heart and lungs.
picture medals over you heart and lungs.

Biology 12 (8 decks)

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