Exam3:Violence And Abuse

Question 1

Umbrella term for any non-accidental harm (physical, emotional, or psychological)

Answer 1

Abuse

Question 2

What are five things included in emotional/psychological abuse?

Answer 2

1) verbal dominance
2) isolation
3) guilt
4) fear
5) humiliation

Question 3

Type of emotional/psychological abuse; treat person’s thoughts/opinions as worthless

Answer 3

Verbal Dominance

Question 4

Type of emotional/psychological abuse; cut off access to friends and family

Answer 4

Isolation

Question 5

Type of emotional/psychological abuse; blame victim for abuse, they “caused” it/ “deserve” it

Answer 5

Guilt

Question 6

Type of emotional/psychological abuse; threats of further abuse, threats to reveal secrets to family or friends

Answer 6

Fear

Question 7

Type of emotional/psychological abuse; put down in front of family or friends

Answer 7

Humiliation

Question 8

What is neglect and how is it different from abuse?

Answer 8

Neglect is a form of abuse; failure to provide needed food, clothing, shelter, medical care, or supervision to the degree that the child’s health, safety, and/ or well-being are threatened with harm

Question 9

Does actual harm have to occur for it to be classified as neglect?

Answer 9

NO, actual harm need not occur for something to be classified as neglect; only endangerment(I.e., the threat or likely possibility of harm) is required

Question 10

Describe the prevalence of child abuse and neglect.

Answer 10

1) over 3.6 million allegations of child abuse each year (2/3 cases of neglect)
2) 11 million children abused or neglected each year(1/7 children)
3) majority of perpetrators are women
4) the younger the child, greater likelihood of abuse and neglect

Question 11

What factors help explain why the younger a child is the greater the likelihood of abuse and neglect?

Answer 11

1) more dependent on adults to meet their needs
2) less able to predict or comply with adult expectations
3) come in contact with fewer adults who might notice and intervene

Question 12

What are the primary contributing factors to child abuse and neglect?

Answer 12

1) parental mental health
2) unrealistic expectations for children
3) displacement of aggression
4) social isolation

Question 13

What are the common effects of victimized children of abuse and neglect ?

Answer 13

1) social/emotional deficits
2) psychiatric problems (complex chicken and the egg component)
3) communication/learning disabilities (stutter)
4) physical injuries (bruises, broken bones)
5) drug abuse/suicide
6) post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Question 14

Most victims are female and most perpetrators are male family members

Answer 14

Sexual Abuse

Question 15

What are the effects of sexual abuse?

Answer 15

1) earlier sexual activity and pregnancy
2) psychiatric problems
3) sexual dysfunction
4) PTSD
5) drug use
6) aggression
7) difficulty forming healthy sexual relationships

Question 16

What are the three child abuse prevention tools?

Answer 16

1) parent education and support
2) home visits
3) reporting mechanisms

Question 17

Why is spanking considered abuse?

Answer 17

1) By defn:nonaccidental harm
2) violates most fundamental human right: the right to an intact body, free from harm, treated w/ respect and dignity
3) human rights violations do not cease to be violations just because they are legal or certain groups think they’re acceptable
4) causes the same harmful side effects as other forms of physical abuse
5) is counter-productive (causes more behavioral problems in long-term
6) other methods of discipline are far more effective and do not have harmful side effects

Question 18

Spanking as a violation of human rights is even more egregious b/c it is done:

Answer 18

1) w/o appeal
2) w/o advocacy
3) @ the discretion of a single individual
4) immediately

Question 19

Umbrella term meaning coercion to do nearly any sexual activity

Answer 19

Sexual Assault

Question 20

From the Latin word rapere: to steal, seize, or carry away; “Rape is about the absence of consent, not the absence of desire” (Peterson & Muehlenhard, 2007)

Answer 20

Rape

Question 21

Means the absent of consent, regardless of the wanted/unwantedness of the behavior

Answer 21

Coercion

Question 22

What is the likelihood of being physically abused by a partner for women and for men?

Answer 22

37% of women and 48% of men have received some form of violence from their partner

Question 23

What are reasons for abuse from men? From women?

Answer 23

Men’s motivation: primarily jealousy, anger, or retaliation

Women’s motivation: primarily anger, retaliation for emotional hurt, inability to express self verbally

Question 24

Why do abused partners stay??

Answer 24

Women stay:
-fear
-helplessness/no way out
-guilt, feelings of failure
-lack of $ resources, social support
Men stay:
-no one would believe them
-humiliation
-fear of financial ruin or false charges
-loss of children

Question 25

Attitudes and beliefs that are generally false but are widely and persistently held, and that serve to deny and justify sexual aggression

Answer 25

Rape myths

Question 26

What are the reasons why we don’t believe women who’ve been sexually assaulted?

Answer 26

1) Rape myths
2) only 2% of rapes result in a felony conviction
3) btw 1% and 40% of reported rapes are false allegations
4) “taken resistance”-61% of sexually active women have deliberately said “no” when they meant “yes”
5) many women have sex when they don’t want to (1/2 of college women report having sex w/ partner when didn’t want to); unwanted not the same as did not consent
6) unwanted sex can have positive consequences

Question 27

Who is more likely to initiate violence, use violence with greater frequency, and inflict severe violence? Women or men?

Answer 27

Women

Question 28

In the majority of cases of relationship violence, _____ partners perpetrated violence against the other.

Answer 28

In the majority of cases of relationship violence, BOTH partners perpetrated violence against the other

Question 29

What are reasons why we don’t believe men?

Answer 29

Myths about men and masculinity

Social Pressures and Obstacles