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chemistry > C1 > Flashcards

C1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the sub atomic particles and their charges

A

Neutron - neutral
Electron - negative
Proton - positive

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2
Q

What is mass number

A

Number of protons and neutrons

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3
Q

What is atomic number

A

Number of protons

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4
Q

What are the particles called when a compound is formed from non metals and metals

A

Ions

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5
Q

What are the particles Called when a compound is formed with just non metals

A

Molecules

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6
Q

What is the main compound in limestone

A

Calcium carbonate

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7
Q

What is the reaction to produce calcium oxide

A

Thermal decomposition

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8
Q

When limestone is heated what does it form

A

Calcium oxide + carbon dioxide

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9
Q

What does calcium carbonate form when reacted with acid

A

Calcium salt + carbon dioxide + water

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10
Q

What do you get if you add water to calcium oxide

A

Calcuim hydroxide

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11
Q

What is an ore

A

A mineral rock that contains enough metal to make it worth extracting

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12
Q

How do you determined wimhether a chemical is extracted by reduction with carbon or electrolysis

A

If the metal is below carbon on the reactivity series is can be extracted by reduction

If the metal is more reactive it had to be extracted by electrolysis

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13
Q

How is a metal extracted using carbon

A

The carbon added reacts with the oxygen making carbon dioxide and leaves the metal

Carbon pushes out the metal

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14
Q

What are the properties of metals

A

Strong
Conduct heat
Conduct electricity

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15
Q

What are the properties of copper

A

Good conductor of electricity

Hard and strong

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16
Q

What are the properties of aluminium

A

Corrosion resistant
Low density
Forms hard sting alloys

17
Q

What are the properties of titanium

A

Low density
Very strong
Corrosion resistant

18
Q

What are alloys

A

Mixture of different metals to make them stronger

19
Q

What is crude oil

A

Mixture of hydrocarbons

20
Q

How is crude oil separated

A

Fractionating column

All the oil has different boiling points so they vaporise at different points the gas gets collected in different fractions

21
Q

What is cracking

A

Turning long chain hydrocarbons into small ones

22
Q

What are alkenes

A

Hydrocarbons that have double carbon bonds

23
Q

What can alkenes be used to make

A

Alkenes used to make polymers

24
Q

How are oils extracted from seeds

A

Seeds crushed and pressed to get the oil out

25
Q

Why is vegetable oil better for cooking

A

Higher boiling point - cook food faster and at higher temperatures
Gives more energy that water

26
Q

How do emulsifiers help keep water and oil from not separating

A

The head of a emulsifier molecule is hydrophilic ( likes water) the tail is hydrophobic (hates water so stays in oil) these keep the mixture stable and stops the water and oil from separating

27
Q

What was wegeners theory

A

Continental drift

Came across similar fossils found on opposite side of the Atlantic
He also realised that the continents fit together like a jigsaw

28
Q

What is the earths structure

A

Crust - very thin and is surrounded by the atmosphere
Mantle - has properties of a sold but can flow very slowly
Core - which is made of iron and nickel

29
Q

What causes continental drift

A

Convection current in the earths Mantle

30
Q

What was the evolution of the atmosphere

A

Early earth was very volcanic which gave up a lot of carbon dioxide
The earth cooled and the water vapour condensed to form seas
The seas absorbed some carbon dioxide
Algae and plants absorbed carbon dioxide for photosynthesis and made oxygen
Oxygen formed the ozone layer which protect the earth from harsh sun rays
This allowed more complex organisms to evolve
There left virtually no carbon dioxide

31
Q

What is the primordial soup theory

A

Lightening caused A chemical reaction between nitrogen hydrogen ammonia and methane and formed amino acids

Amino acids evolved into living organisms

Millie and Urey in the 1950 proved the theory could work

chemistry (3 decks)

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