Benzodiazepines

Question 1

Short-Acting

Answer 1

Lorazepam
Temazapam
–> Hypnotics, reduced hangover effect

Question 2

Longer-Acting

Answer 2

Diazepam
Chlordiazepoxide
–> Anxiolytic, anticonvulsant (Rectal/IV diazepam)

Question 3

MoA

Answer 3

GABA-BDZ receptor complex
Agonist
Enhances action of GABA at receptor
Greater flow of Cl- ions into neurone
Inhibitory effect on neurones

Question 4

Indications

Answer 4

Anxiety
Epilepsy
Muscle spasticity
Short term hypnotics

Toxic w/ alcohol

Question 5

ADR

Answer 5

Resp. Depress in newborn
CVS + Respiratory depression
Drowsiness, sedation, hangover effect
Tolerance + dependence
Psychomotor impairment

Question 6

Prescribing Advice

Answer 6

Active metabolites give hangover
Flumazenil for OD
Gradual withdrawal required with long half-life forms
No more than 4 weeks
Oxazepam absorbed more slowly
Coming off drug quickly = hangover effect + nightmares (Increases REM sleep)