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Geography > Water On The Land > Flashcards

Water On The Land Flashcards

1
Q

What is a meander?

A

A pronounced bend in a river

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2
Q

What is the Thalweg?

A

The line of fastest flow in a river

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3
Q

Name the 4 processes of river erosion?

A

Abrasion

Attrition

Hydraulic Action

Solution

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4
Q

Name the 4 processes of river transportation?

A

Saltation

Solution

Traction

Suspension

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5
Q

What is a V-Shaped Valley?

A

A valley with steep sides and a narrow bottom that has been formed by erosion

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6
Q

What is a Tributary?

A

A smaller river or stream flowing into a larger river

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7
Q

Define Erosion?

A

The wearing away of rock by the natural processes of rivers, ice, wind and sea

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8
Q

Define Transportation?

A

The movement of eroded material by natural processes such as wind, rivers and sea

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9
Q

Define Traction?

A

Big boulders and stones are rolled and dragged along the river bed

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10
Q

Define Saltation?

A

Stones and pebbles bounce along the river bed

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11
Q

Define Suspension?

A

Smaller particles and stones (e.g. sand and silt) are carried by a river

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12
Q

Define Solution?

A

Some material is dissolved into the river water and transported this way

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13
Q

Define Load?

A

The amount of material carried by a river

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14
Q

What is a Cross Profile?

A

The change in river width and bank gradient at a specific point, a slice across the river

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15
Q

Define Long Profile?

A

The change in river width and bank gradient at a specific point, a slice across the river

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16
Q

What is a Waterfall?

A

A vertical fall of water where the course of a river is interrupted by a steep drop in the land it is flowing over

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17
Q

What is a Gorge?

A

A steep-sided cut through the landscape formed over thousands of years by a retreating waterfall

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18
Q

What is a Plunge Pool?

A

The area of deep water at the bottom of a waterfall, formed by hydraulic action and the grinding of rocks and pebbles

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19
Q

What is a Floodplain?

A

A flat area either side of a river which floods when the river overflows

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20
Q

What is an Ox Bow Lake?

A

A lake shaped like a crescent that is formed when a river bend is cut off from the main flow and becomes isolated

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21
Q

Define Helical Flow?

A

The corkscrew pattern of flow found in a river

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22
Q

What is Sediment?

A

Material such as sand and clay that is carried by a river

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23
Q

What is a Levée?

A

River embankments built as a flood defence

24
Q

What are Mudflats?

A

Flat coastal areas formed when mud is deposited by rivers and coasts

25
Q

What is a Saltmarsh?

A

An area of coastal grassland which is regularly flooded by seawater

26
Q

Define Discharge?

A

The amount of water flowing in a river at any one point

27
Q

Can you label a Flood Hydrograph?

A
28
Q

What is Lag Time?

A

The time between peak rainfall and peak discharge on a hydrograph

29
Q

Can you draw and label a meander cross section?

A
30
Q

Can you draw and albel the formation of an Ox Bow Lake?

A
31
Q

Can you draw and albel the formation of a Waterfall?

A
32
Q

What is a Hydrograph?

A

A graph showing how a river responds to a storm, showing the rainfall and discharge over time

33
Q

What is Antecedent Rainfall?

A

The amount of rain that has already fallen prior to a specific event

34
Q

What is a Confluence?

A

The point where two rivers meet

35
Q

What is Hard Engineering?

A

Building structures to deal with natural hazards, such as dams to prevent flooding

36
Q

What is Soft Engineering?

A

Involves adapting to natural hazards and working with nature to limit damage. For example, planting trees to limit flood risk

37
Q

Define Hydraulic Action?

A

Fast flowing water pushes air into cracks and the force of this causes the channel to break up over time

38
Q

Define Abrasion?

A

Sand and pebbles are dragged along the river bed, wearing it away

39
Q

Define Attrition?

A

Rocks and stones wear each other away as they knock together

40
Q

Define Solution?

A

Rocks such as limestone are dissolved in acid rainwater

41
Q

List the factors affecting river discharge?

A

Rock and soil type

Land use

Rainfall

Weather conditions

Relief

42
Q

Define interception?

A

Leaves and branches catch rainfall and prevent it from running into the river

43
Q

Define Surface Run Off?

A

Water runs over the top of ground which is very hard or very wet

44
Q

Define Infiltration?

A

Rain that soaks into the top layers of the soil and rock below

45
Q

Define Throughflow?

A

Wtare that flows through the soil below the surface

46
Q

Define Groundwater?

A

Wtaer that is stored deep underground in the rock

47
Q

Define Groundwater Flow?

A

Wtare that very slowly moves through underground rocks

48
Q

What is Impermeable Rock?

A

Rock which water is not able to flow through

49
Q

What is Permeable Rock?

A

Rock which water is able to flow through

50
Q

What is the Water Table?

A

The level at which water is stored in rocks below the surface

51
Q

What are the 4 Physical causes of flooding?

A

Heavy Rainfall

Prolonged Rainfall

Snowmelt

Relief

52
Q

What are the 2 Human causes of flooding?

A

Building Construction

Deforestation

53
Q

Can you label a cross section of levee formation?

A
54
Q

Can you identify the features of a floodplain?

A
55
Q
A

Geography (21 decks)

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