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Grade 9: Social > Finals Study > Flashcards

Finals Study Flashcards

1
Q

What does govern mean?

A

To make decisions as a government and put decisions into action

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2
Q

What does governance mean?

A

The process of governing

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3
Q

What does government mean?

A

The body with the power to make decisions for society

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4
Q

What are the different levels of government?

A

Federal, provincial, and local

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5
Q

Since when has Canada been a country?

A

since 1867, when the Fathers of Confederation struck an agreement that brought four colonies of British North America under one government

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6
Q

What is Canada’s constitution?

A
  • The law that describes governance in Canada.
  • It sets out the role of the governor general and the different roles of the three branches of government.
  • It describes how the three branches of government work together to exercise the decision-making authority of government.
  • The constitution also sets out other important institutions in Canada, such as the Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
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7
Q

What sets out the charter of rights and freedoms?

A

The constitution

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8
Q

What is at the top of Canada’s political system?

A

The Monarch of Britain

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9
Q

Explain the Monarch of Britain role

A
  • Represented in Canada by the governor general
  • Britain’s queen or king is the formal head of state in Canada, but does not play an active role in Canada’s government.
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10
Q

Which branches of government is the governor general apart of?

A

Executive and legislative branches

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11
Q

What are the 3 branches of government?

A

Executive, Legislative, and judicial

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12
Q

Explain the role of the Executive Branch

A

• proposes most laws
• puts laws into action
• runs the day-to-day business
of government

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13
Q

Explain the role of the Legislative Branch

A

• makes laws
• represents the interests and
rights of Canada’s regions

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14
Q

Explain the role of the Judicial Branch

A

• applies and interprets laws

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15
Q

Who is included in the executive branch?

A

The Prime Minister, and the Cabinet

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16
Q

Who is included in the legislative branch?

A

House of Commons and the Senate

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17
Q

Who is included in the Judicial Branch?

A

Supreme court, and provincial/territorial courts

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18
Q

How do people get to be in the cabinet?

A

The PM appoints them

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19
Q

What does the cabinet do?

A

They put laws and policies into action. Runs the day to day business of the government

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20
Q

What is the first step to becoming a law?

A

First, you convince your cabinet it’s a good idea

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21
Q

Who is the head of Canada’s government?

A

The prime minister

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22
Q

What is the executive branch responsible for?

A

Putting laws into action

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23
Q

How can you become the Prime minister?

A
  • Be elected as a leader of a political party
  • Then as a member of parliament
  • And win the most seats in the house of commons
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24
Q

Who does the cabinet include?

A

People who are responsible for different portfolios such as health.

  • They belong to the leading political party in the house of commons
  • And are members of parliament
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25
Q

Who proposes most ideas that become laws?

A

The cabinet

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26
Q

What is a political party?

A

A political party is a group of people who have similar ideas about how government should respond to issues facing society.

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27
Q

What happens if you get cabinet approval for your idea?

A

Then you propose it to the house of commons as a bill. If it gets enough votes then it goes to the senate

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28
Q

What is another name for the legislative branch?

A

Canada’s parliment

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29
Q

How do people become members of parliament?

A

They are voted in by citizens of a certain district

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30
Q

Who is in the House of Commons?

A

Members of parliament

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31
Q

Explain the House of Commons

A
  • The major law making body in Canada

- debate, study, and vote on laws

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32
Q

How is the main party in the HOC chosen?

A

By whichever MPs belong to the majority party

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33
Q

What is a majority government?

A

If a political party wins the majority of seats in the House of Commons, it always forms the government.

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34
Q

What is a minority government?

A

If a political party wins the most seats in the House of Commons, but not the majority of seats, it usually forms the government.

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35
Q

What happens if a minority government is formed

A

To stay in power, this party would need to negotiate for the support of at least one other party in the House of Commons, to ensure that more than 50 percent of MPs in the House would vote for the government’s proposals.

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36
Q

Where do MPs debate and vote on bills?

A

Commons Chamber

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37
Q

What are the 2 key resposibilities for constituents?

A

to represent their constituents and to create legislation for the peace, order and good government of all Canadians.

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38
Q

What is the popular vote?

A

Popular vote means the total support political parties win during an election, regardless of whether they win ridings.

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39
Q

What are senators?

A

• Senators represent the interests and rights of Canada’s regions, and especially Canada’s minorities.

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40
Q

How are senators elected?

A

• Senators are not elected. The prime minister appoints them. They can remain in office until age 75

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41
Q

What do senators do?

A

• The Senate can propose laws, but usually only considers bills passed first by the House of Commons.
• Has the power to reject bills from the House of
Commons, but rarely uses this power

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42
Q

What is the highest court in Canada?

A

The supreme court

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43
Q

Who has the final word on all legal questions in Canada?

A

The supreme court

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44
Q

What is the federal accountability act?

A
  • Responsible and accountable spending by government.
  • Protection for government employees who “blow the whistle” on wrongdoing within Canada’s civil service.
  • More information about the activities of lobbyists. Lobbyists are people paid to represent the interests of particular groups in society.
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45
Q

What are lobbyists?

A

Lobbyists are people paid to represent the interests of particular groups in society

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46
Q

What happens for a law to become a law in the House of Commons and senate?

A
  • First Reading
  • Second reading
  • Committee Stage
  • Report Stage
  • Third reading
  • Royal assent
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47
Q

What happens at the first reading?

A

Printed copies of the bill are made available for the first time. There is no debate or vote.

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48
Q

What happens at the second reading?

A

Debate and vote on the principle of the bill. Does the bill serve the interests of Canadians?

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49
Q

What happens at the committee stage?

A
  • Detailed study of the bill.
  • A committee of MPs or senators reviews the bill with the help of witnesses, including experts and citizens.
  • The committee issues a report with a recommendation that the House or Senate usually, accepts.
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50
Q

What happens at the report stage?

A

Debate and vote on amendments (changes) to the bill.

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51
Q

What happens at the Third reading?

A

Debate and vote on the final form of the bill

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52
Q

What is a parliamentary page?

A
  • In the House of Commons, the pages assist MPs of all political parties with daily tasks, such as photocopying and answering phones.
  • On the floor of the Commons Chamber — during debates and Question Period, for example — they retrieve documents and run messages between members of the assembly.
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53
Q

What did the BNA say about First Nations?

A
  • Made First Nations “responsibilities” of the government, along with things like the postal service. It did not acknowledge First Nations as independent, sovereign peoples with their own forms of government.
  • Did not mention the Inuit or Métis at all.
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54
Q

What does the media?

A

The media include newspapers, magazines, film, radio, television, the Internet, books and billboards.

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55
Q

What does the media do for us?

A

They influence our personal understanding of the world and how it works. All media messages are created by people who interpret the facts and make choices about how to tell the story

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56
Q

What is the parliamentary press gallery?

A

an association of reporters who cover the decisions and actions of Canada’s government. The Press Gallery includes about 350 reporters from media outlets across Canada.

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57
Q

What is a lobbyist?

A
  • A lobbyist is someone hired by a group to influence MPs and government officials.
  • Lobbyists voice the views of groups on issues that affect their members, products or services.
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58
Q

What must people do before they become a lobbyist?

A

• Lobbyists must register with a Commissioner of Lobbyists, so everyone in Canada can know who they are and who they represent.

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59
Q

What rights do you have if you are arrested?

A
  • To remain silent
  • To speak to a lawyer
  • To have your parents with you during questioning
  • To have a lawyer if you go to court
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60
Q

What is the “YOUTH CRIMINAL JUSTICE ACT”

A

This law defines the consequences young people face for criminal offences.

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61
Q

What is the “CRIMINAL CODE OF CANADA”

A

This law defines the consequences adults face for criminal offences.

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62
Q

Explain the “YOUTH CRIMINAL JUSTICE ACT”

A
  • Deals with 12- to 17- year-olds in trouble with the law.
  • Allows some young offenders to face consequences such as counseling and community service
  • Prohibits adult sentences for youths 12 to 14 years of age.
  • Protects the privacy of young offenders.
  • Allows them to avoid criminal records
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63
Q

According to the YCJA who can receive adult sentences?

A

Allows adult sentences for young people 14 years of age and older who have committed serious crimes.

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64
Q

Explain the “CRIMINAL CODE OF CANADA”

A
  • Deals with adults in trouble with the law.
  • Makes going to court the usual consequence for breaking the law.
  • Defines adult sentences, which can include long periods of imprisonment for some crimes.
  • Allows the publication of offenders’ names.
  • Creates a criminal record for most offenders.
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65
Q

When was the YCJA passed?

A

In 2003

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66
Q

What happened to young offenders before the YCJA?

A

Every child was charged and brought to court.

Some young offenders did not receive sentences for years and consequences did not always connect back to the community

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67
Q

What are the types of sentences that a young person may receive?

A
  • Community services.
  • Counselling.
  • Prison.
  • A criminal record.
  • Restitution, such as paying for damaged property.
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68
Q

What factors determine the consequences young offenders face?

A
  • The seriousness of the offence.
  • The history of the young person.
  • The attitude of the young person.
  • The circumstances of the young person.
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69
Q

What are the objectives of the YCJA?

A
  • Prevent crime by addressing the circumstances underlying a young person’s offending behavior
  • Rehabilitate young persons who commit offences and reintegrate them into society
  • Ensure that a young person is subject to meaningful consequences for his or her offence in order to promote the long-term protection of society.
  • The criminal justice system for young persons must be separate from that of adults and recognize their reduced level of maturity.
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70
Q

How do jury’s work in the YCJA

A
  • A person 14 years of age or older may choose to be tried by a judge and jury for certain serious offenses, such as assault or murder.
  • juries always have twelve people
  • Their decision must be unanimous
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71
Q

Who is eligible for jury duty?

A

• Anyone 18 years of age and older who is a Canadian citizen is eligible for jury duty

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72
Q

Who is not eligible for jury duty?

A

People convicted of some crimes are not eligible.

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73
Q

What are the responsibilities of people when they have jury duty?

A
  • It’s your responsibility to appear at the courthouse on time.
  • Make arrangements for transportation, time off work or classes, and rebooking appointments.
  • Employers have to give you time off for jury duty but don’t have to pay you.
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74
Q

How can people be excused for jury duty?

A

• People are excused from jury duty only if they can demonstrate that it would cause them undue hardship.

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75
Q

What is the Defence in court?

A

The evidence that supports the innocence of a person accused of a crime

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76
Q

What is the prosecution in court?

A

The prosecution includes the evidence that supports the guilt of an accused person.

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77
Q

What does sequester mean?

A

To sequester means to remove from contact.,

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78
Q

Why are juries sequestered?

A

Juries are sequestered to ensure they consider only the evidence presented in the courtroom

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79
Q

What are the two major citizen-led organizations involved in the justice system? (Justice advocacy groups)

A

The John Howard Society and the Elizabeth Fry Society

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80
Q

The do Justice Advocacy groups do?

A
  • They try to solve the underlying reasons for crime
  • They provide public education about laws and the justice system
  • They work with youths and adults who have broken the law to help them return to their communities.
  • They stand up for the rights of youths and adults accused of crimes.
  • They call for measures to improve the fairness of the justice system
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81
Q

What are Sentencing Circles?

A

Sentencing circles come from the traditions of some Aboriginal peoples, whose systems of justice can also include consequences such as banishment.

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82
Q

What is the constitution?

A

A special set of laws that establish a framework for governance

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83
Q

What is the highest law in Canada?

A

The constitution

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84
Q

What did the charter create for Canadians?

A

The Charter created constitutional protections for individual rights and freedoms, which apply to laws and governments across Canada.

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85
Q

What does the Charter set out for Canadians?

A

The Charter sets out rights and freedoms that Canadians believe are necessary in a free and democratic society

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86
Q

What are the fundamental freedoms?

A
  • The freedom to express your opinions.
  • The freedom to choose your own religion.
  • The freedom to organize peaceful meetings and demonstrations.
  • The freedom to associate with any person or group.
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87
Q

What are the Democratic Rights?

A
  • The right to vote for members of the House of Commons and of provincial legislatures.
  • The right to vote for a new government at least every five years.
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88
Q

What are the Mobility Rights?

A
  • The right to move anywhere within Canada and to earn a living there.
  • The right to enter, stay in, or leave Canada.
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89
Q

What are the Legal Rights?

A
  • The right to be free of imprisonment, search and seizure without reasons backed by law and evidence.
  • The right to a fair and quick public trial by an impartial court that assumes that you are innocent until proven guilty.
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90
Q

What are the Equality Rights?

A

• The right to be free of discrimination because of race, national or ethnic origin, religion, gender, age, or mental or physical disability.

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91
Q

What are the five section of rights?

A 
Fundamental
Democratic
Mobility
Legal
Equality
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92
Q

What was the problem with the Indian Act?

A

It was passed without consulting First Nations, at a time when people of European descent generally viewed European ways as superior to the ways of other cultures

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93
Q

What did the Indian Act state about First Nations?

A
  • Required First Nations people to obtain government permission to wear traditional clothing.
  • Banned traditional ceremonies, such as the Sundance of the Siksika.
  • Prevented First Nations from taking political action.
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94
Q

What is a labor union?

A

An organization of workers that acts to protect workers’ rights and interests

95
Q

What are collective rights?

A

Collective rights belong to groups of people and are entrenched in Canada’s constitution.

96
Q

What is the purpose of collective rights?

A

To affirm the collective identity of groups in society and to create a society where people of different identities belong.

97
Q

Which groups receive collective rights?

A

Aboriginal peoples, including First Nations, Métis and Inuit peoples; and Francophones and Anglophones.

98
Q

What is collective identity?

A

the shared identity of a group of people, especially because of a common language and culture

99
Q

What legislations connects to Collective rights and First Nations?

A

Indian Act
Historic and Modern Treaties
Canada’s Constitution

100
Q

What legislations connects to Collective rights and Metis?

A

Modern Treaties
Manitoba Act
Canada’s Constitution

101
Q

What legislations connects to Collective rights and Inuit?

A

Modern Treaties

Canada’s Constitution

102
Q

What legislations connects to Collective rights and Francophones and anglophones?

A

Canada’s Constitution

103
Q

What are the numbered treaties?

A
  • Established control over lands in North America formerly claimed by France.
  • Recognized First Nations’ rights to land and established the principle of making treaties with First Nations through peaceful negotiation
104
Q

What were the agreements of the numbered treaties?

A
  • First Nations agreed to share their lands and resources in peace.
  • Canada’s government agreed to terms covering First Nations’ education, reserves, annuities
105
Q

What were the reasons Canada negotiated the numbered treaties?

A

To build a railway
To avoid war
To secure First Nations Future

106
Q

What were the disagreements with the land treaties?

A

• Canada’s government believes First Nations gave up their land under the Treaties. Many First Nations disagree, especially since their worldviews do not think of land as something anyone can “own” or “give up.”

107
Q

Around the time of the Indian Act, how did Canadians view First Nations?

A

Canada’s government viewed First Nations as peoples who needed guidance

108
Q

What is a law?

A

A law describes principles or conditions that must be followed

109
Q

What is a policy?

A

A policy describes objectives of the government, within the law

110
Q

What was the aim of the Indian association?

A
  1. To maintain treaty rights.
  2. To advance the social and economic welfare of Indian peoples.
  3. To secure better educational facilities and opportunities.
  4. To cooperate with federal, provincial and local governments for the benefit of Indians
111
Q

What was the real aim of the Indian Act by the Canadian government?

A

To assimilate the First Nations people.

112
Q

On what act did the Canadian Government not consult the First Nations?

A

The Indian Act

113
Q

What is official language minority?

A

a group that speaks one of Canada’s official languages (English or French) and that does not make up the majority population of a province or territory

114
Q

What is a Francophone school?

A

Francophone schools provide instruction for Francophone students — students whose first language is French.

115
Q

What sections establish the official languages in Canada?

A

• Sections 16 to 20 of the Charter establish French and English as official languages of Canada, and the right of Canadian citizens to conduct their affairs with the federal government in either official language.

116
Q

What are the minority language education rights?

A

• Section 23 of the Charter says that a French-speaking or English speaking minority population of sufficient size in any province has the right to publicly funded schools that serve their language community

117
Q

What established Canada as a bicultural, bilingual country?

A

The British North America Act

118
Q

What Act established education rights for Catholics and Protestants?

A

The British North America Act

119
Q

What did Charte de la langue française do?

A

Sets down rules for protecting and promoting the use of the French language in Québec.

120
Q

What were the reasons for Charte de la langue française?

A
  • French-speaking people are a distinct people and French is the language that expresses their identity.
  • The people of Québec want to make French the language of government and the everyday language of work, education, and business.
121
Q

What were the rules before Bill 101: Charte de la langue française?

A
  • Commercial signs may use only French.

- Francophones and immigrants in Québec must attend Francophone schools.

122
Q

What were the rules after Bill 101: Charte de la langue française?

A
  • Signs are required to use French but they can also have English. And French has to be bigger than English.
  • Parents do not have the right to educate their kids in English but immigrants can
123
Q

What did the Red River Resistance result in?

A

The Manitoba Act

124
Q

What did the Manitoba Act state?

A
  • Established Manitoba as a bilingual province
  • Education rights for Catholics and protestants
  • And land for the Metis
125
Q

What is a script?

A

in Métis history, a document that could be exchanged for land and that was offered to the Métis at the time the Numbered Treaties were negotiated

126
Q

What did the government give to the Metis instead of giving them land?

A

Gave them scripts

127
Q

What was the difference in rights between the Metis and First Nations?

A

The Metis did not deserve reserves like First Nations

128
Q

What was the Northwest resistance in the point of view of the Metis?

A

-To assert their rights and land rights

129
Q

What was the Northwest resistance in the point of view of Canada’s government?

A

It was an attempt to overthrow Canada’s government

130
Q

What did the Métis Population Betterment Act do?

A

Established twelve temporary Métis settlements

131
Q

What was happened to the land from the Métis Population Betterment Act?

A

The land was seen to be unsuitable for agriculture and hunting and closed down.

132
Q

What did the Metis lobby for?

A

To be recognized as First Nations and given the same rights

133
Q

What does autonomy mean?

A

The authority to make decisions?

134
Q

What rights were granted to the Metis?

A

Métis have the right to hunt and fish without a license

135
Q

Explain the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act do?

A
  • It establishes categories of who can come to Canada from other countries to make permanent homes here.
  • It lays out the objectives of those categories.
136
Q

What are the categories of Immigration and Refugee Protection Act?

A

Refugees
Family Class
Other
Economic Immigrants

137
Q

Explain the immigration category Refugee

A

People who are escaping persecution, torture, or cruel and unusual punishment.

138
Q

Explain the immigration category Family Class

A

Spouses, partners, children, parents and grandparents of people living in Canada.

139
Q

Explain the immigration category Economic Immigrants

A

Skilled workers and business people

140
Q

Explain the immigration category other

A

People accepted as immigrants for humanitarian or compassionate reasons

141
Q

What is the order of the immigration categories based on numbers greatest to least?

A

Economic
Family
Refugee
Other

142
Q

What are the objectives of the Immigration and Refuge Protection Act?

A

• Pursue social, cultural and economic benefits for all
Canadians.
• Respect the bilingual and multicultural character of Canada.
• Support the development of minority official language
communities in Canada.
• Share the benefits of immigration and support a prosperous economy across all regions of Canada.
• Reunite families in Canada.
• Promote the successful integration of immigrants into
Canadian society, recognizing that integration involves
mutual obligations for new immigrants and Canadian
society.

143
Q

How does immigartion affect Canada?

A

Immigration will support economic growth by immigrants joining the labor force growth.

144
Q

How does immigartion affect Canada?

A

Immigration will support economic growth by immigrants joining the labor force growth.

145
Q

What is a law?

A

A law describes principles or conditions that must be followed

146
Q

Who is the point system supposed to be used for?

A

Economic immigrants (skilled workers and professionals)

147
Q

What are reasons for a person to be refused entry into Canada?

A

• Their health could put the health of Canadians at risk
— for example, they have tuberculosis.
• They have a condition that could endanger public safety — for example, a mental disorder.
• Their health could put an “excessive demand” on Canada’s health services — for example, HIV/AIDS.

148
Q

Who do the economic restrictions apply to?

A

Everybody except refugees or as family-class immigrants.

149
Q

What was immigration like in the past?

A
  • No one today is excluded from Canada because of their race or country of origin.
  • In the past, Canada favored immigrants of British ancestry and restricted immigration from Asian countries, such as China and India.
150
Q

What did the point system evaluate people on?

A

The point system, for example, evaluates people based on their skills and education.

151
Q

What is the point system?

A

A way of evaluating immigrants coming into the country

152
Q

What are the objectives of the immigration and refugee protection act?

A
  • Save lives and offer protection to people who are displaced and persecuted.
  • Fulfill and affirm Canada’s international commitments to protect refugees.
  • Grant fair consideration to people who claim to be persecuted, as an expression of Canada’s humanitarian ideals.
  • Offer refuge to people facing persecution because of race, religion, political opinion or membership in a social group, and to people who face torture, or cruel and unusual treatment or punishment.
153
Q

What are the top 5 languages of immigrants?

A 
Mandarin
English
Arabic
Punjabi
Spanish
154
Q

What are the circumstances of the Singh Decision?

A

Satnam Singh was seeking entry to Canada as a refugee but was denied and sent back. He claimed that it violated the charter of rights and freedoms.

155
Q

What was the result of the Singh?

A

• People claiming refugee status in Canada have the right to a hearing, which they attend in person.
• Canada established the Immigration and Refugee
Board to provide quick and fair hearings.
• Canada’s government provides people seeking refugee status with the necessities of life while they wait for a hearing.

156
Q

What was the problem that First Nations had with immigration?

A

Canada was providing so much for immigrants but could not support the First Nations poeple. So they asked the government to freeze immigration until their problems were solved.

157
Q

How do provinces influence immigration?

A

By the Provincial Nomination Program

158
Q

Explain the Provincial Nomination Program

A

Provinces can “nominate” a percentage of the immigrants Canada selects each year
Also, allows some provinces to set up their own
immigration offices in foreign countries.

159
Q

How can provinces set up immigration offices in other countries?

A

Using the PNP

160
Q

Which provinces get the most immigration?

A

Ontario
B.C.
Alberta

161
Q

What is the Canada-Quebec accord?

A

Québec can nominate the percentage of immigrants to Canada that corresponds to its population within Canada
Seeks immigrants whose first language is French

162
Q

What is scarcity?

A

The idea in society that land and labor and capita limit what people can produce.

163
Q

How does land impact scarcity?

A

Land consists of all the materials found in the natural environment needed to produce goods and services, such as renewable resources and non-renewable resources

164
Q

How does labor affect scarcity?

A

Labour consists of the physical and mental effort needed to produce goods and services

165
Q

How does capital affect scarcity?

A

Consists of the money that people own or borrow, used to purchase equipment, tools and other resources to produce goods and services.

166
Q

Which side of the economic continuum is a market economy?

A

Right

167
Q

Where is a planned economy located on the economic continuum?

A

Middle

168
Q

As you go right on the economic continuum is there less or more government involvement?

A

Less

169
Q

As you go left in the economic continuum is there less or more government involvement?

A

More

170
Q

Explain a planned economy

A

The government makes all the decisions about how to solve scarcity. It owns and manages the resources. It plans what will be produced and decides how to use limited resources.

171
Q

Explain a mixed economy

A

Combines private ownership and government control.
Private businesses own some resources and the government owns others. In mixed economies, the level of government involvement fluctuates depending what political party is in power.

172
Q

Explain a market economy

A

The choices of individuals solve scarcity. Private businesses own and manage resources. They sell their products to consumers, who make their own decisions about what to buy. Businesses succeed if they produce what consumers want. Otherwise, they fail. The government does not get involved.

173
Q

What is public good?

A

What’s best for society as a whole

174
Q

How does Canada achieve public good?

A

Through cooperation

175
Q

How does America achieve public good?

A

Through individualism

176
Q

What is the founding principle of Canada?

A

“peace, order and good government.”

177
Q

What is the founding principle of USA?

A

“life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.”

178
Q

What is a crown corporation?

A

A company owned by Canada’s government to provide products and services to Canadians.

179
Q

What are the reasons for a crown corporation?

A
  • To provide essential services.
  • To promote economic development.
  • To support Canadian culture and identity
180
Q

What are the 3 parts to supply in demand?

A

Supply
Demand
Price

181
Q

What is demand?

A

The wants and needs of consumers for products and services

182
Q

What is supply?

A

The products and services created by producers

183
Q

What are producers?

A

Those who create products and services

184
Q

What is equilibrium in supply and demand?

A

the supply of a product can meet the demand for a product at a particular price.

185
Q

What happens if demand for the product goes up?

A

It means more and more consumers are buying the product.
So the supply — or availability — of the product drops.
This drives up the price of the product.

186
Q

What happens if the supply of the product goes up?

A

Fewer consumers can afford to buy it.
This drives down demand for the product.
so the supply — or availability of the product — goes up.

187
Q

What happens if the supply of a product goes up?

A

producers cut prices to encourage consumers to buy more.

The lower price encourages consumers to buy more, so demand for the product goes up.

188
Q

What is a monopoly?

A

when one producer controls all supply of a product or service.

189
Q

Why would a government want to have a monopoly?

A

As a way to provide essential services that require expensive infrastructure

190
Q

What is an unemployment rate?

A

The percentage of the workforce that does not have jobs

191
Q

What is a strike?

A

Cessation of work by workers. Strikes pressure employers to respond to issues that concern workers.

192
Q

What is a labour union?

A

A group organized to represent workers needs to employers.

193
Q

What is collective bargaining?

A

Negotiating as a group. Collective bargaining is the key right established by unions for workers.

194
Q

What is consumerism?

A

an economic theory that links prosperity to consumer demand for goods and services and that makes consumer behavior central to economic decision making

195
Q

What are the 4 factors of consumerism?

A
  • Identity
  • Health and Safety
  • Jobs
  • Marketing
  • Enviroment
196
Q

How does your identity affect consumerism?

A

What you buy and what you wear reflect your values and beliefs

197
Q

How does health and safety affect consumerism?

A

It affects warnings and labels put on products

198
Q

What legislation does both Canada and U.S. about consumer safety?

A

• Both Canada and the U.S. have product-labelling laws that require producers to list the ingredients in food and cosmetics.

199
Q

How do jobs affect consumerism?

A

When you buy a product, you connect to a chain of people and their jobs. Your choice is part of what keeps them employed.

200
Q

How does the environment affect consumerism?

A

Your choices as a consumer also affect the air, water and land that you share with everybody.

201
Q

What are the 5 marketing techniques?

A
  • Bandwagon affect
  • Emotional Appeal
  • Glittering generalities
  • Plain folks appeal
  • Testimonial
  • Scientific Appeal
202
Q

What is Bandwagon affect?

A

• Encourages you to buy a product or service because everyone else is.

203
Q

What is emotional appeal?

A

• Uses strong emotional language that connects with your fears and desires

204
Q

What is glittering generalities?

A

• Relates the product or service to words or images that promise everything, but deliver little or nothing.

205
Q

What is plain folks appeal?

A

• Relates a product or service to the experience of ordinary folks.

206
Q

What is testimonials?

A

• Uses celebrities or experts to speak for a product.

207
Q

What is scientific appeal?

A

• Uses statistics or scientific data to persuade consumers to buy a product or service.

208
Q

What is GDP?

A

GDP measures the amount of wealth a country’s economy generates.

209
Q

What does boycotting mean?

A

Not buying a product as a way to bring about change

210
Q

What are social programs?

A

services provided by government and paid for by taxes. They aim to reduce economic inequalities in society and promote the well-being of all citizens.

211
Q

What is health insurance?

A

an agreement by a company to pay for your health services, in exchange for a fee that you pay each month or each year

212
Q

What are the 3 main social programs in Canada?

A

Health care
Senior pensions
Income Assistance

213
Q

Who receives health care in Canada?

A

All citizens receive basic health care from a system paid for by taxes.

214
Q

What legislation is involved in Health care in Canada?

A

Canada Health Act

215
Q

Who receives pensions in Canada?

A

At age 65, all citizens who have lived in Canada for at least 10 years automatically qualify for a monthly pension, paid for by taxes

216
Q

Which level of government provide pensions in Canada?

A

The federal government

217
Q

What legislation is involved in the federal health act in Canada?

A

The Old age Security Act

218
Q

Who receives income assistance in Canada?

A

citizens who are unable to meet their basic needs for food, clothing and shelter

219
Q

Which level government has responsibility for health care in Canada?

A

• The provinces have responsibility for health care. This ensures citizens in different provinces can have a role in shaping health care to fit their unique views, perspectives and needs.

220
Q

What are the 5 principles outlined in the Canada health act?

A
  • Publicly administered: run by government for no profit.
  • Comprehensive: for care provided by hospitals, physicians and surgeons.
  • Universal: available to everyone.
  • Portable: available everywhere in Canada, no matter where you make your home in Canada.
  • Accessible: available within reasonable time and distance.
221
Q

Who receives free health care in US?

A

Citizens with low incomes receive health care paid for by taxes.

222
Q

What legislation is involved in Health care in US?

A

Social Security Act

223
Q

Do pensions for seniors exist in the US?

A

Senior citizens generally support themselves through personal savings and pension plans.

224
Q

Who receives income assistance in the US?

A

Citizens unable to meet their basic needs receive assistance, paid for by taxes.

225
Q

What is income tax?

A

Tax based on what you earn

226
Q

What is GST?

A

a federal sales tax in Canada

227
Q

What is the taxation model?

A

A model that describes what tax money is contributed to

228
Q

What is tax evasion?

A

Not paying your taxes

229
Q

What does a political platform do?

A

describes the official policies of a political party. It reflects a variety of issues, including those linked to social programs and taxation models.

230
Q

What are the major political parties in Canada?

A 
Bloc Quebecois
Conservative
Green
Liberal
NDP
231
Q

What are the major political parties in the US?

A

Democratic

Republicans

232
Q

Which Canadian party is most like the Democratic party?

A

The liberal Party

233
Q

Which Canadian party is most like the Republican party?

A

Conservative

234
Q

Who was the father of the health care system?

A

Thomas Douglas

Grade 9: Social (21 decks)

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