functionalist view of the family

Question 1

functions see the family as…

Answer 1

an institution that contributes to the smooth running of society. it is a beneficial institution for social stability

Question 2

Murdock (1949) argues 4 main functions of family life

Answer 2

1. sexual (expressing sexuality in a socially approved context
2. reproduction (having children and providing stability)
3. socialization (children learn socially acceptable behaviour)
4. economic (providing the money for food and shelter

Question 3

criticism of Murdock

family is the practical way to meet all these needs, it is universal

Answer 3

other institutions could perform the functions of the family just as well eg: education helps to socialize children, economy helps provides basic needs like enough money for food and shelter

Question 4

parsons (1950s America) argues the functional fit theory. What is this?

Answer 4

the function of a family depends on the society in which it is found (this will affect its shape and structure)
eg; in pre industrial times people lived in extended families - these were a multi functional unit.

Question 5

industrialisation = the modern nuclear family introduced

why did this happen/what happened as a result of this?

Answer 5

people needed to move away to find work (geographical mobility)
people more socially mobile
the mobile nuclear family is structurally isolated (no obligation to help wider family)

Question 6

due to nuclear family lost some of these functions - what were these?

Answer 6

family no longer units of productions but are instead units of consumption. schools and health services also taken over

Question 7

what are the 2 irreducible functions of the modern nuclear family

Answer 7

primary socialisation of children

stabilization of human personalities

Question 8

explain the term “primary socialisation of children”

Answer 8

learning the language, history and values of society. society would not exist without this
it becomes part of an individuals personality

Question 9

explain the term “stabilization of human personalities”

Answer 9

sexual division of labour in families stabilizes personalities. women= expressive role providing warmth, security and emotional support
men= instrumental role as breadwinners (stressful but women relieves the stress)