Dermatotoxic Plants/Abortifacients/Teratogens Flashcards
What is the difference between primary and secondary photosensitization?
Primary- photodynamic agent is ingested, injected, or absorbed through the skin
Secondary- results from compromised liver function
Which plants are considered primary photosensitizers (name 4)
St. Johnswort
Buckwheat
Hairy vetch
Alfalfa
What is the toxic principle of primary photosensitizers?
Hypericin
In addition to causing dermatitis, pruritis, etc., hairy vetch also causes what other clinical signs?
Contains canaverine
Causes anorexia, diarrhea
What do skin lesions look like in animals affected by a a primary photosensitizer?
Looks like a sunburn at first
Fluid seeps from under skin and the skin peels off (compared to battery acid lesions)
How is photosensitization treated?
Place animals in dark shed or shelter
Provide cereal hay or low quality hay with no green color
Antibiotics as needed
What is the toxic principle in poison sumac, poison ivy, and poison oak?
Urushiol (mix of catechols)
What is the proposed toxic principle of pines? What does pine toxicity cause?
Isocupressic acid
Abortions
What is the toxic principle in subterranean clover that causes infertility and abortion in ruminants?
Phytoestrogens
What is the toxic principle in moldy sweet clover that causes abortion in ruminants?
Coumarins
What toxic principle in lupine causes “crooked calf disease”?
Anagyrine (alkaloid class)
Paralyzes offspring, can cause cleft palate and arthrogryposis
False hellebore causes what types of mutations in lambs?
“monkey face,” cyclopea or anophthalmia
