Epidemiology and public health Flashcards
1
Q
Surveillance
A
WHO
- early warning system
- tracking interventions
2
Q
Passive surveillance
A
- regular reporting of observed cases but no active search
- minimum standard
3
Q
Syndromic surveillance
A
- look for rise in the number of people reporting partcular symptoms, e.g. gebrile illness
- monitor trends
4
Q
Human TB
A
- caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- 1.5mill death per year
- co-infection with HIV
- drug resistance
5
Q
Disease origins: where do our pathogens come from?
A
Two hypotheses:
- Co-evolution: pathogens inherited from our ancestors
- Cross-species transmission
-genetic data supports second hypothesis
6
Q
Most emerging pathogens never get past what stage of disease emergence?
A
Limited outbreak
-from animals or (few cycles) humans
7
Q
Viral emergence through small changes:
A
-eg. Venezuelan encepbalitis in horses/humans required a single point mutation in the virus’ envelope gene
8
Q
Animals as a potential source of new diseases
A
zoonoses
