Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GI Clin Med > Esophagus > Flashcards

Esophagus Flashcards

1
Q

Replacement of normal squamous epithelium with metaplastic columnar epithelium

A

Barrett esophagitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Medications that may worsen GERD

A 
Tetracycline
Bisphosphonates 
Iron
NSAIDs
Anticholinergics (Atropine, Scopalamine)
Ca Channel blockers
Narcotics
Benzodiazepines
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When is Endoscopy warranted for GERD

A

Severe disease (spontaneous supine occurrences) to assess for epithelial damage

Patients older than 45 yrs with new onset of symptoms, frequently recurring symptoms, failure to respond to therapy

Recurrent vomiting, dysphagia, anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Workup for GERD should always include

A

Cardiac workup, for ischemia (EKG)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Additional testing in severe / refractory cases, or to prep for operation

A

Manometry (pre op, motility testing)
24 hr pH testing
Barium swallow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Treatment for patients with significant nighttime GERD symptoms

A

H2 blocker at bedtime w PPI in the daytime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Drugs that decrease lower esophageal sphincter pressure

A 
Beta Agonists
Alpha adrenergic agonists
Nitrates
CCBs
Anticholinergics 
Opiates
Barbituates
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Common causes of esophagitis

A

CMV
HSV
Candida

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Odynophagia and dysphagia in an immunocompromised patient indicates

A

Esophagitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Endoscopy of an immunocompromised patient shows large, deep ulcers of the esophagus. What might be the case

A

CMV or HIV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Endoscopy of an immunocomproimsed patient shows multiple shallow ulcers in the esophagus. What might be the cause

A

HSV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Definitive diagnosis for esophagitis

A

Cytology or culture from endoscopic brushings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Most common presenting symptom for all motility disorders

A

Dysphagia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Patient with a history of trauma to brain stem or cranial nerves IX, X who has trouble swallowing both solids and liquids

A

Neurogenic dysphagia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Outpouching of posterior hypo pharynx that can cause regurgitation of undigested food and liquid into pharynx several hours after eating

A

Zenker Diverticulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Dysphagia with solid foods. Can progress slowly (more benign process) or rapidly (indicates malignancy)

A

Esophageal stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Global esophageal motor disorder in which peristalsis is decreased and lower esophageal sphincter tone is increased, causing slowly progressive dysphagia with episodic regurgitation and chest pain

A

Achalasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Dysphagia or intermittent chest pain that may or may not be associated with eating

A

Diffuse esophageal spasm

19
Q

Diagnostic study that can reveal structural and motor abnormalities of the esophagus

A

Barium swallow

20
Q

Disorder that has a “parrot beak” appearance (i.e., a dilated esophagus tapering to the distal obstruction) on barium swallow

A

Achalasia

21
Q

Diagnostic study that allows for direct observation and biopsy of abnormalities

A

Endoscopy (EGD)

22
Q

Diagnostic study that can be used to assess the strength and coordination of peristalsis

A

Esophageal manometry

23
Q

Treatment for esophageal strictures

A

most treated by Dilation (balloon)

*Malignant strictures must be resected

24
Q

Management for diverticula, achalasia, stenosis

A

Surgical! (Endoscopic dilation, resection) if condition is severe enough to warrant intervention. Medical therapies are not proven effective.

25
Q

Most common types of esophageal neoplasms

A

Squamous cell carcinomas and Adenocarcinomas Barretts)

26
Q

Where in the esophagus do squamous cell carcinomas tend to occur

A

Proximal 2/3rds of esophagus

27
Q

Where in the esophagus to adenocarcinomas tend to occur

A

Barretts in distal 1/3rd

28
Q

Where to esophageal neoplasms tend to spread, and why

A

Mediastinum, because the esophagus has no SEROSA

29
Q

Factors that contribute to esophageal cancers

A

Cigarette Smoking, Chronic Alcohol use

HPV

30
Q

Main clinical feature of esophageal cancer

A

Progressive dysphagia w solid food PLUS marked weight loss

Heartburn, vomiting, hoarseness may occur

31
Q

Best initial test to visualize esophageal lesion

A

Biphasic barium esophagram

32
Q

Diagnostic test for esophageal neoplasm

A

Endoscopy w brushings

33
Q

Linear mucosal tear in the esophagus, generally at the gastroesophageal junction

A

Mallory-Weiss Tear

34
Q

Common cause of Mallory Weiss tear>

A

Forceful vomiting or retching

Often associated with alcohol abuse, but should be considered in all upper GI bleeds

35
Q

Causes 5-10% of upper GI bleeds

A

Mallory-Weiss tear

36
Q

Diagnosis of Mallory Weiss tear

A

Endoscopy

37
Q

Treatment for Mallory Weiss tear

A

Most resolve without treatment

PPI may be used

Endoscopic injection of epinephrine or thermal coagulation if bleeding does not resolve

38
Q

Newborn presenting with excessive saliva, choking, coughing when attempting to feed

A

Esophageal atresia (commonly w tracheoesophageal fistulae)

39
Q

Diagnosis and treatment of congenital esophageal atresia

A

Inability to pass nasogastric tube establishes diagnosis

Treatment is surgical

40
Q

Bowel sounds heard in the chest of a newborn

A

Diaphragmatic hernia

41
Q

Progressive, nonbilious, often projectile vomiting in a newborn 4-6 weeks old. Weight loss and dehydration common.

A

Pyloric stenosis

42
Q

PE finding in pyloric stenosis

A

olive-shaped mass felt to the right of the umbilicus

43
Q

Rare autosomal recessive inability to metabolize the protein phenylalanine - accumulation of phenylalanine in brain causes mental retardation and movement disorders

A

Phenylketonuria

44
Q

Management of PKU

A

low-phenylalanine diet, tyrosine supplements, strict control of protein intake

GI Clin Med (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions