TEST REVIEW CRAM

Question 1

What elements make up carbohydrates?

Answer 1

C H O

Question 2

What elements make up lipids?

Answer 2

C H O P

Question 3

What elements make up proteins?

Answer 3

C H O N S

Question 4

What are the components lf a protein?

Answer 4

R Groups (sometimes contain disulfide bridges)

Carboxyl groupes

Question 5

What elements make up nucleic acids?

Answer 5

C H N O P

Question 6

What is a nucleic acids basic structure made of?

Answer 6

Ribose sugar

Phosphate group

Nitrogen group

Question 7

Properties of water (5)

Answer 7

1) High heat capacity
2) High heat evap
3) Universal solvent
4) Cohesion (water clings to itself) and adhesion (sticks to other polar substances)
5) Frozen water (s) is less dense than liquid water

Question 8

What is a dehydration reaction? What’s it for?

Answer 8

1) Releases water

2) Used link monomers together to build polymers

Question 9

Hyrdolysis is…. It needs….

Answer 9

The break down of polymers into monomers

Requirws water and an enzyme

Question 10

Main function of polysacchrides (carbohydrates)

Answer 10

Short term energy and structure

Question 11

Main function of lipids

Answer 11

Long term nrg storage

Insulation

Protection

Structure (phospholipid membrane)

Cell communication and regulation (hormones)

Question 12

Main functions of proteins

Answer 12

1) Metabolism: ENZYMES
2) Transport: transport proteins in cell memb’s
3) Regulation: Hormones
4) Defense: Antibodies
5) Support: keratin and collagen provide structure
6) Motion: microtubules

Question 13

Purines and pyrimidines are…

Answer 13

Complementary

Question 14

The more negative you are, then the ______ free energy.

Answer 14

MORE

Question 15

What type of ribosomes (free floating or on the rough ER) build proteins that are transported out of the cell?

Answer 15

Rough ER ribosomes

Question 16

The cis phase of the golgi apparatus ______ vesicles. The trans _________.

Answer 16

Receives

Ships (TRANsport)

Question 17

Regulatory genes are

Answer 17

Genes that make something that controls the expression of another gene

Question 18

What makes regulatory proteins?

Answer 18

Regulatory gene

Question 19

Small regulatory rna does what?

Answer 19

Regulates another gene by binding to and stopping an mRNA molecule

Question 20

Where do regulatory proteins bind?

Answer 20

Regulatory sequence

Question 21

RNA polymerase binds to…

Answer 21

Operon

Question 22

Inducers turn ____ genes by binding to the _________ that turns that gene ______.

Answer 22

On

Repressor protein

Off

Question 23

Difference between negative and positive control

Answer 23

Positive control increases transcription

Negative control decreases transcription