Approaches

Question 1

Wundt (1879)?

Answer 1

Introspection =

• describe the nature of human consciousness in a carefully controlled and scientific environment.

Question 2

Watson (1913)?

Answer 2

Behaviourist approach =

• psychology should only study stimulus that can be measured and observed.

Question 3

Skinner (1953)?

Answer 3

Behaviourist =

• focussed on learning and the use of carefully controlled lab studies - dominating psychology for a few decades.

Question 4

Which behaviourists used animals to demonstrate classical and operant conditioning?

Answer 4

1) . Pavlov’s dogs.

2) . Skinner’s box (rats and pigeons).

Question 5

Who developed the SLT?

Answer 5

Bandura =

• learning occurs through learning.

Question 6

What is the research Bandura conducted?

Answer 6

Bobo doll =

1) . Children watched adult be aggressive/non-aggressive to a doll.
2) . Children watched the adult be positively/negatively rewarded.

Question 7

Who used the example of OCD concordance rates to demonstrate the influence of biology in behaviour/characteristics?

Answer 7

Nestadt et al. (2010) =

• MZ = 68%.
• DZ = 31%.

Question 8

Who’s evolutionary theory is used by the biological approach to explain many aspects of behaviour?

Answer 8

Charles Darwin (1859) =

theory of natural selection - explains the influence of determining genes.

Question 9

Who developed the psychodynamic approach?

Answer 9

Freud.

Question 10

Who argues that the psychodynamic approach isn’t falsifiable?

Answer 10

Karl Popper =

• it cannot be proved or disproved.

Question 11

Which case studies were used to develop Freud’s ideas?

Answer 11

1) . Little Hans.

2) . Dora and the Rat Man.