GI- Digestion And Absorption Of Macronutrients

Question 1

2 stages of fat digestion

Answer 1

emulsification

pancreatic lipases

Question 2

what does the emulsification of fats

Answer 2

bile salts

Question 3

2 purposes of fat emulsification by bile salts

Answer 3

1. dissolving/solubalising the fat in the watery intestinal chyme to reach the brush border
2. creating a greater surface area for the action of pancreatic lipase

Question 4

2 products of triglyceride digestion by pancreatic lipase

Answer 4

monoglycerides and fatty acids (lipases split the triglycerides at positions 1 and 3)

Question 5

how long is a short chain fatty acid

Answer 5

less than 10-12 C atoms

Question 6

4 things in a chylomicron

Answer 6

triacylglycerols
phospholipids
cholesterol
apoproteins

Question 7

by what process do chylomicrons leave the enterocyte at the basolateral membrane?

Answer 7

exocytosis

Question 8

what enzyme breaks down triglycerides to fatty acids and glycerol

Answer 8

lipoprotein lipase

Question 9

amphipathic definition and give an example of an amphipathic substance in digestion

Answer 9

both hydrophobic and hydrophilic. bile salts

Question 10

where in the intestine are bile salts reabsorbed

Answer 10

the ileum

Question 11

apart from fat absorption, what other group of substances are malabsorbed in the absence of bile salts

Answer 11

vitamin E D K A. as they’re fat soluble so are solubalised along with fat in micelles