5th Exam - Material Handling, Storage, and Refrigeration

Question 1

PNS/PAES 419:2015

Answer 1

Argicultural Structures - Warehouse for bag type storage of grains

Question 2

aeration

Answer 2

moving of air through stored grains at low airflow rates between 0.05 – 2.28 cubic meter per
minute per ton for purposes other than drying, to maintain or improve its quality

Question 3

bag type storage

Answer 3

storing of paddy, milled rice, corn, and other grains in bags usually made of jute,
polyethylene, and other packaging materials.

Question 4

dunnage

Answer 4

pallet
“tarima”
wooden or plastic (food grade) frames used on concrete floors for stacking bags to prevent
direct contact between the grains and the floor

Question 5

fumigation

Answer 5

process of using chemicals to control insects in grains in a form of fumes

Question 6

moisture content

Answer 6

amount of water in the grains, expressed as percentage

Question 7

paddy

Answer 7

rough rice
“palay”
unhulled grain of Oryza sativa, which means, grain with the glumes enclosing the kernel

Question 8

warehouse

Answer 8

building used for storing paddy, milled rice and other grains in bags

Question 9

block stacking

Answer 9

In this type, six blocks are formed to make standard stack of 9.14m x 6m size. Each block is
of the size 6m x 1.5m. In the block, one layer is put lengthwise and other breath-wise.

Question 10

chinese method

Answer 10

Bagged grains with 14% moisture content or lower could be pile

Question 11

japanese method

Answer 11

Bagged grains with moisture content 14.1% to 15% are to be piled in this method.

Question 12

criss - cross stacking

Answer 12

In this type bags are laid in complete length-wise or breath-wise tiers in alternate layers
systematically. The first layer will have 11 bags in 9.14m direction with 11 such rows. The
second layer of bags would be laid width-wise with 16 bags in 9.14m direction of stack with7
such rows.

Question 13

PNS/BAFS PABES 470:2019

Answer 13

Agricultural Infrastructures - Silo

Question 14

aeration

Answer 14

movement of air through stored grains for purposes other than drying

Question 15

access door

Answer 15

provides access inside the silo which may be located at the roof or at the wall

Question 16

angle of friction

Answer 16

angle of the material when the grains held starts to move

Question 17

base flooring

Answer 17

floor located at the basement of flat bottom silos

Question 18

control panel

Answer 18

panel where all the controls are located, with or without mimic board

Question 19

eave height

Answer 19

height of the vertical-walled segment of silo

Question 20

elevator

Answer 20

mechanism that facilitates vertical movement of grains

Question 21

elevator boot

Answer 21

equipment for receiving grains at the bottom of a bucket elevator

Question 22

equivalent height

Answer 22

height of grains at level condition

Question 23

fumigation

Answer 23

action of releasing a toxic chemical in the gaseous state to control a targeted pest

Question 24

grain

Answer 24

milled or unmilled, seeds or fruits of various food plants more specifically the cereal grasses.

Question 25

headhouse

Answer 25

dumping house intake house grain receiving area which may consist of elevator and other accessories such as weighing and cleaning machines.

Question 26

hopper

Answer 26

sloping, walled structure for discharging grains

Question 27

load distribution system

Answer 27

structure above the silo bins that houses conveyor systems for grain distribution

Question 28

mimic board

Answer 28

board where the flow of grains at different points of the system at any time will be reflected

Question 29

overall height

Answer 29

distance between the horizontal supporting plane surface and the horizontal plane touching the uppermost part of the silo structure

Question 30

overall length

Answer 30

distance between the vertical planes at the right angles to the median plane of the silo structure and touching its front and rear extremities

Question 31

overall width

Answer 31

distance between the vertical planes parallel to the median plane of the machine, each plane touching the outermost point of the silo structure on its respective side

Question 32

peak height

Answer 32

overall height of the silo structure from the topmost structure of the roof to the ground

Question 33

silo

Answer 33

unit consisting of upright containers used for storage and handling of grains in bulk and provided with necessary equipment and accessories

Question 34

silo diameter

Answer 34

inside diameter of the largest inscribed circle within the silo cross-section

Question 35

silo flooring

Answer 35

ace at the bottom of the silo where the grains lie

Question 36

slenderness

Answer 36

aspect ratio ratio of the equivalent height (h) to the silo diameter (d), (h:d)

Question 37

spout

Answer 37

passageway of grains to be loaded into the silo

Question 38

stiffener

Answer 38

vertical frame fastened to the silo walls which carries the loads

Question 39

storage block

Answer 39

portion of the silo where grains are stored

Question 40

transition

Answer 40

intersection of the hopper and the vertical wall, for hopper bottom type silos

Question 41

unloading system

Answer 41

structure below or at ground level that houses the collection equipment

Question 42

volumetric capacity

Answer 42

volume contained in the cylindrical portion only of the silo or the volume contained in both the cylindrical portion and the conical section within the roof space

Question 43

wall ring

Answer 43

one level of the storage block of silo

Question 44

weather proofing

Answer 44

process of sealing the connections between sheets and other parts such as caulking

Question 45

wind rings

Answer 45

connected to the sidewall stiffeners to provide continuous circular reinforcement around the silo

Question 46

retaining

Answer 46

A silo that has an aspect ratio less than or equal to 0.4 (h/d ≤ 0.4) with a flat bottom

Question 47

squat

Answer 47

A silo that has an aspect ratio greater than 0.4 and less than or equal to 1 (0.4 < h/d ≤ 1.0). If the silo has an aspect ratio less than or equal to 0.4 (h/d ≤ 0.4) and has a hopper, it is also classified as squat.

Question 48

intermediate

Answer 48

A silo that has an aspect ratio greater than 1.0 and less than 2.0. (1.0 < h/d < 2.0)

Question 49

slender

Answer 49

A silo that has an aspect ratio greater than or equal to 2.0 (h/d ≥ 2.0)

Question 50

Belt

Answer 50

conveyors consist of a flat continuous belt in tension that is positioned between rollers driven by pulleys with intermittently spaced idlers for support.

Question 51

Screw

Answer 51

conveyor is made up of a continuous helix that is mounted on a pipe in a fixed trough.

Question 52

Chain

Answer 52

conveyors consist of a continuous loop of chains between two sprockets.

Question 53

Pneumatic

Answer 53

conveyors use high pressure air to transport grains in a totally enclosed system.

Question 54

Bucket Elevator

Answer 54

are ideally used for the vertical conveyance of loose grains. It consists of several buckets that are carried by either belt or chain elevators.

Question 55

PAES 417:2002

Answer 55

Agricultural Structures - Fruit and Vegetable Storage

Question 56

controlled atmosphere storage

Answer 56

storage in an artificial atmosphere in which the proportion of carbon dioxide and/or oxygen is precisely controlled

Question 57

bulk storage

Answer 57

produce is piled in room-sized bins, which exerts forces that must be resisted by the building walls

Question 58

pallet bin storage

Answer 58

produce is placed in boxes or pallet bins which in turn are stacked in storage room

Question 59

pallet

Answer 59

low portable platform made of wood or metal or plastic or in combination to facilitate handling, storage, or transport of materials as a unit load using a forklift

Question 60

drip cooler

Answer 60

storage structure with continuously wetted walls

Question 61

burlap

Answer 61

coarse cloth made of jute, flax or hemp

Question 62

air cooled

Answer 62

storage provided with good ventilation

Question 63

vapor barrier

Answer 63

materials used to prevent migration of moisture into a storage area

Question 64

cell pack

Answer 64

individual divisions in a carton formed by fiberboard dividers, each cell to contain one fruit

Question 65

telescopic cartons

Answer 65

cartons in which the cover is separate and fits snugly over the bottom part