5th year

Question 1

are supernumerary teeth more prevalent in primary or permanent?

Answer 1

permanent (1.5-3.5%)

primary (0.2-08%)

Question 2

commonest region for supernumerary teeth?

Answer 2

premaxilla

Question 3

4 associated syndromes/conditions with supernumerary teeth

Answer 3

cleidocranial dysplasia
palatals clefts
Gardners syndrome
oro-facial digital syndrome

Question 4

how are supernumerary teeth classified?

Answer 4

shape - conical, tuberculate, supplemental, odontome-like

position - mediodens, distomolar, paramolar

Question 5

if supernumerary tooth is unerupted and not causing issues, what must you monitor for?

Answer 5

follicular expansion
cyst formation
resorption of adjacent roots
worsening ectopic position
ectopic eruption

Question 6

when to remove supernumerary teeth?

Answer 6

if causing pathology/resorption/cystic/ectopic

if causing crowding

if causing permanent tooth to fail to erupt (extract + maintain space)

Question 7

when should permanent tooth erupt after extraction of supernumerary?

Answer 7

18months-2yrs

Question 8

prevalence of hypotonia

Answer 8

permanent 3.6-6.5%

primary 0.1%

Question 9

are hyper/hypodontia more prevalent in male of female

Answer 9

Female

Question 10

order for hypotonia

Answer 10

8 - L5 - U2 - U5

Question 11

levels of hypodontia

Answer 11

mild - 1-2
moderate - 3-5
severe - 6 or more

Question 12

genes involved in hypodontia

Answer 12

PAX9 MSX1

Question 13

syndromes associated with hypodontia +/- microdontia

Answer 13

downs
CLP
ectodermal dysplasia
Ehlers danlos
epidermolysis bullosa
chondro-ectodermal dysplasia
incontinetia pigmentii

Question 14

symptoms of ectodermal dysplasia

Answer 14

sparse hair
dry skin
may be anhidrotic
xerstomia
dry lips
speech/learning difficulties
chronic rhinitis/pharyngitis/URTIs
HYPODONTIA

Question 15

difference between fusion and germination

Answer 15

fusion = 1 crown 2 roots

germination - 1 root 2 crowns

Question 16

prevalence of microdontia

Answer 16

permanent - 2.5%

primary - 0.2-0.5%

Question 17

complication of missing upper 2

Answer 17

can lead to ectopic 3 as not guided into place

Question 18

complication of dens in dente and treatment to prevent

Answer 18

early pulp death

fissure seal asap

Question 19

complication of taurodontism

Answer 19

none except difficulties with endo

Question 20

what is odontodysplasia

Answer 20

rare ‘ghost teeth’
structurally abnormal teeth - if erupt should be removed, if unerupted can be monitored

if affects area = regional odontodysplasia

Question 21

causes of enamel defects

Answer 21

genetic - Amelogenesis imperfecta
systemic - MIH, fluorosis, nutrition, metabolic upset, infection
local - trauma, infection

Question 22

how to test difference between fluorosis and hypomatured AI

Answer 22

fluorosis responds to micro-abrasion

Question 23

treatment of AI in young patient

Answer 23

PFMC posterily

comp restorations anteriorly

Question 24

aims for AI treatment

Answer 24

preserve remaining tooth tissue
maintain OVD
reduce sensitivity/function

Question 25

causes of dentine defects

Answer 25

genetic - dentinogensis imperfects, dentinal dysplasia, fibrous dysplasia of dentine

other conditions - Ehlers dans, rickets, hypophosphatasia

environmental - nutrition, drugs, trauma

Question 26

when restoring tooth with DI what may need to be placed first?

Answer 26

fissure sealant - more white to cover discolouration

Question 27

why may hypophosphatasia cause early loss of teeth?

Answer 27

hypoplastic cementum

Question 28

dental symptoms of cleidocranial dysplasia

Answer 28

cementum defect
supernumeraries
delayed exfoliation
delayed eruption
small sinuses
delayed closure of sutures

Question 29

causes of premature eruption

Answer 29

familial
precocious puberty
high birth weight baby
endocrine abnormalities

Question 30

prevalence of infraocclusion

Answer 30

1-9%

Question 31

grading of infraocclusion

Answer 31

mild - just below occlusal
mod - at contact area
severe - right below contact

Question 32

treatment options for infraocclusion

Answer 32

monitor
restore contact point
restore occlusion if static
extraction +/- ortho