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Prevmed 2 > 6-13 Water > Flashcards

6-13 Water Flashcards

1
Q

Define coaming

A

A raised frame (as around a hatchway in the deck of a ship) to keep out water

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2
Q

Define distillation

A

The total process the distilling plant forms, including evaporation and condensation

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3
Q

Define Free Available Chlorine (FAC)

A

Chlorine available (after demand is met) in the forms of hypochlorous acid and hypochlorite ions

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4
Q

Define micron

A

A unit of length. 1 millionth of a meter

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5
Q

Define point of use

A

A treatment device applied to a single tap used for the purpose of reducing contaminants in drinking water at that tap

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6
Q

Define potable water

A

Water suitable for human consumption, laundry, bathing and personal hygiene

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7
Q

Define reverse osmosis

A

The reverse of the natural osmosis achieved by external application of sufficient pressure to cause the solvent to flow in an unnatural direction

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8
Q

What is colilert/colisure

A

Tests used to detect total coliform and E. coli in the potable water

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9
Q

What is total coliform

A

A group of closely related of mostly harmless bacteria that live in soil and water and also guts of animals. Extent of total coliform in water can indicate cleanliness of water and likelihood of E. Coli

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10
Q

What is E. Coli

A

Type of fecal coliform bacteria commonly found in intestines of animals and humans. Short for Escherichia Coli.

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11
Q

Presence of E. Coli in water is a strong indication of what?

A

Recent sewage or animal waste contamination.

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12
Q

Who is responsible for SHIPBOARD potable water systems, including treatment facilities and processes to assure that safe drinking water is available at all times. Design, construction, maintenance.

A

NAVSEASYSCOM

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13
Q

Who is responsible for promulgating instructions for ship to shore portable water connections in for providing potable water from an approved source when the ship is berthed at a naval facility

A

Naval Facilities Engineering Command

NAVFACENGCOM

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14
Q

Who is responsible for establishing and promulgating health standards for water quality afloat?

A

Chief, BUMED

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15
Q

Who promulgates appropriate instructions, notices, or other publications to reflect afloat water quality requirements?

A

Chief, BUMED

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16
Q

Who establishes a shipboard requirements for medical surveillance of potable water systems?

A

Chief, BUMED

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17
Q

Who is responsible for promulgating a water sanitation bill to ensure that procedures for seat transfer treatment storage distribution in surveillance are provided and followed?

A

Commanding Officer

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18
Q

Who is responsible for issuing the necessary implementing directives to ensure the adequate water sanitation standards are provided in a force in each ship within command?

A

Area, fleet, and subordinate commanders

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19
Q

Who is responsible to the CEO for implementing the requirements of the NAVSEASYSCOM?

A

Engineering Department

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20
Q

Who is responsible for potable water systems that receive, store, distribute, produce, and treat?

A

Engineering department

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21
Q

Who insures ship to shore and ship to ship connections are made only by authorized personnel, one available, or in their absence, ship personnel who are properly supervised by authorized personnel?

A

Engineering Department

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22
Q

Who is responsible for halogen and pH testing?

A

Engineering department

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23
Q

Who is responsible for conducting a medical surveillance program of the potable water system, bacteriological testing and daily halogen testing?

A

SMDR

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24
Q

Who notify is the CEO of any discrepancies observed in the pot of water distribution system?

A

SMDR

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25
Q

For new ship construction, how many gallons per man per day does NAVSEASYSCOM plan for in design considerations?

A

50

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26
Q

How many gallons per man per day during “Water Hours” and who does it particularly apply to?

A

No less than 2 gallons per man per day. Applies to troop carrying ships loaded beyond water producing capacity

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27
Q

Sea water is used for what?

A

Fire mains, decontamination and for Marine Sanitation Devices (MSDs) flushing

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28
Q

What are the approved sources of potable water?

A

Distillation, RO, or other NAVSEASYSCOM approved technology
Shore-to-Ship from approved sources
Shore-to-Ship from unapproved sources
Ship-to-Ship

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29
Q

What are the requirements to receive a Shore-to-Ship delivery from an unapproved source?

A

Water has to be treated to minimum of 2.0 ppm prior to receipt

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30
Q

Who must approve state and territory public water systems for Shore-to-Ship?

A

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

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31
Q

What are the establishments approved as Shore-to-Ship sources for U.S. military?

A

British Royal Navy
Canadian Forces
Royal Australian Navy
Other OCONUS locations may be obtained from Navy Environmental Preventive Medicine Units (NEPMU)

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32
Q

A ship should avoid making water while operating in what?

A

Harbors or from polluted seawater
When ships are in close formation
When stripping or discharging waste or bilge water forward of the saltwater intakes

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33
Q

What are the types of distillation plants and how are they powered?

A

Steam- Steam from power plant/auxiliary boiler
Waste heat- Heat from Diesel engine jacket water
Vapor compression- Electrical Energy

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34
Q

In regards to RO, at what pressure is the filtered water boosted to to pass through RO membranes?

A

1000 psi

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35
Q

In regards to RO, what percent of filtered water permeates through the membrane to become fresh water?

A

20-25%

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36
Q

In regards to RO, what pass requires disinfection after and which doesn’t?

A

Singles requires disinfection, triple doesn’t.

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37
Q

When can you fill potable tanks with ballast water?

A

When necessary for ships survival

38
Q

Potable water tanks are coated with what?

A

NSF/ANSI standard coating

39
Q

What is the purpose of vents and overflow lines and their specifications?

A

Located to reduce accidental contamination. Openings screened with 18 gauge of finer, non-corrosive mesh

40
Q

Where are vents and overflow lines unauthorized?

A 
Medical spaces
Food service spaces
Exterior of ship
Toilets
Electrical or electronic rooms
41
Q

In regards to manholes, if the top of tank is also a deck, what is required and what it’s ok the side?

A

Top- 1/2” curb or coaming above deck

Side- Flush mount ok

42
Q

If sounding tubes do not have sounding rods, what do they require? And what do ALL sounding tubes have labeled on them?

A

Steel tape that is disinfected with 100ppm for 2 min

POTABLE WATER USE ONLY

43
Q

What are the specifications for filling connections (hose valves, risers)?

A 
Clearly labeled
Color coded dark blue
18in from deck
Turned facing downward 
Screw caps with keeper chains
44
Q

What must potable water filling lines which distribute potable water to non-potable water tanks have?

A

An air gap or approved and appropriate back flow prevention device

45
Q

What must potable water piping passing through non-potable water tanks have?

A

Pipe surrounded by a sloped self draining pipe tunnel

46
Q

The potable hot water settings should be set at the fixture so that the water is what temperature at the tap?

A

120 F

47
Q

What are the specifications of the potable water hose lockers?

A

Vermin proof
Locked
18in off deck (when located on weather decks and sponsons)
Instructions for disinfection of hoses and risers

48
Q

What are the sanitary requirements for potable water hoses?

A

Approved for potable water use, examined routinely, removed from use when cracks develop in the lining or leaks occur, capped or coupled and stored in hose locker when not in use

49
Q

How are potable water hoses labeled?

A

“POTABLE WATER ONLY” in 1” letters every 10’

Couplings are dark blue

50
Q

How are valves for receiving or supplying potable water (risers) labeled?

A

Warning plate w/ “POTABLE WATER ONLY” in 1/4” font

Valves or valve handles dark blue

51
Q

How are sounding tubes labeled?

A

Clearly labeled with ID plate

Sounding tube cap dark blue

52
Q

Who supervises potable water connections between shore and ship?

A

Authorized shore personnel or properly trained ship personnel

53
Q

What must engineering do before making a potable water hose connection?

A

Notify MDR

54
Q

What is the minimum halogen residual requirements for water down for quality?

A

2.0 PPM

55
Q

What is the purpose of testing halogen residual (chlorine/bromine)?

A

Quick indication that water may have been improperly treated or handled.

56
Q

Though absence of halogen residual indicates contamination, how do you confirm?

A

Bacteriological testing. Ensures fit for human consumption

57
Q

Who publishes the “Standard of Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater”?

A

American Public Health Association (APHA)
American Water Works Association (AWWA)
Water Pollution Control Federation (WPCF)

58
Q

Who performs testing of temperature and pH?

A

Routinely performed by Engineering Department

59
Q

When is halogenation most effective?

A

Warmer water temps

60
Q

When testing salinity, what is the limit for chloride?

A

0.065 Equivalent per Million (epm) or 2.3 ppm

61
Q

Do you perform salinity testing on halogenated water?

A

No, halogenated water will provide false results

62
Q

When is it allowed to have trace amounts of chlorine?

A

At distal ends of the distribution systems of large ships.

63
Q

When does MDR perform halogen tests?

A

Daily
In conjunction with bacterial analysis
Prior to receipt of water

64
Q

Who is responsible for checking the halogen level after a 30 min contact time?

A

Engineering Department

65
Q

Who establishes the maximum contaminant level?

A

Environmental protection agency

66
Q

How many BACT tests for crews of 400 personnel or less?

A

No less than 4

67
Q

How many BACT for crews over 400-800 personnel?

A

8 samples

68
Q

How many BACT for crews more than 800 personnel?

A

12 samples

69
Q

How often is the emergency potable water tank tested?

A

Monthly

70
Q

For BACT testing, what is required for the ice machines and potable water tanks?

A

Samples will include 1/4 of them

71
Q

If you have a positive BACT sample, what is required?

A

3 repeat samples. All wishing 24 hours of positive sample
1 from original problem source
1 from upstream (no more than 5 connections)
1 from downstream (no more than 5 connections)

72
Q

What is DPD #1 for?

A

Testing FAC or TBR

73
Q

What is DPD #4 used for?

A

Testing chloramines (total chlorine) residuals

74
Q

What is the accuracy of the color comparator?

A

+ or - 10%

75
Q

What is the accuracy of the portable spectrophotometer?

A

+ or - 2%

76
Q

What using the color comparator kit and the color is deeper than 5.0 ppm chlorine or 11.0 ppm bromine, what action should you take?

A

Add an additional DPD #1

77
Q

What should you do if there are continual absences of halogen residuals?

A

Report to CO and give a copy to the CHENG

78
Q

When should you perform bacteriological tests?

A

Weekly, abnormal halogen, suspicions of contamination, and after repairs to potable water systems

79
Q

When using colisure, what does yellow mean?

A

Negative

80
Q

When using colisure, what does magenta mean?

A

Positive for total coliforms

81
Q

When using colisure, what does fluorescent light blue mean?

A

Positive for E. Coli

82
Q

What is the purpose of In-line chlorinators?

A

Injects hypochlorite into system in proportion to flow of water

83
Q

How is bromine dispensed?

A

Via resin impregnated cartridge

84
Q

Describe an in-line (proportioning) Brominator.

A

Preset to deliver 0.7 ppm bromine to water during normal operating procedures
Can deliver 2.0 ppm bromine to water when necessary
Required for each water plant

85
Q

Describe the recirculating brominator

A

Designed to boost bromine residual in potable water tank
Draws water from the tank, injects bromine, and returns water to same tank
Delivers 0.7 ppm bromine to water being recirculated

86
Q

How many days supply of calcium hypochlorite shall be maintained?

A

Seven

87
Q

What are the holes drilled in the bottom of the HTH box?

A

Three 1/4” holes to allow release of chlorine gas

88
Q

Where shall the HTH boxes not be installed?

A 
Machinery space
Flammable liquids storeroom 
Berthing
Paint storeroom 
Oil and water test lab areas
89
Q

Steps to control taste and odor?

A
  1. Identify
  2. Chlorination method. Chlorinate to 5ppm and distribute 2ppm
  3. Steam method. Requires NAVSEASYSCOM approval. Boil for 1 min
  4. Contact NEPMU via TYCOM MO
90
Q

What is Method 1 for disinfecting potable water system?

A
  1. Fill tank to over flow level
  2. Add chlorine to achieve 10pm FAC through the tank. Hold for 24 hrs
  3. Drain tank
  4. Refill with potable water with required halogen residual level
  5. Perform BACT

Prevmed 2 (7 decks)

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