6/28 Psych/soc

Question 1

What is the difference between assimilation and socialization?

Answer 1

Socialization is one’s initial process for learning about life while assimilation is the process of adopting a new culture once already socialized

Question 2

James-Lange Theory of Emotion

Answer 2

Stimulus triggers physiological response which then leads to conscious emotion

Question 3

Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion

Answer 3

Cognitive and physiological responses occur simultaneously and independently. They are followed by a behavioral response.

Question 4

Schacter-Singer Theory of Emotion

Answer 4

Stimulus leads to physiological response, then cognitive interpretation of circumstances, and then perception of emotion.

Question 5

Experiment reliability

Answer 5

Consistency

Question 6

Experiment validity

Answer 6

Accuracy

Question 7

Functionalism

Answer 7

Sees society as a structure with interrelated parts designed to meet the biological and social needs of individuals in that society

Question 8

Symbolic Interactionism

Answer 8

Society is possible because of the shared meanings and social patterns during interaction

Question 9

Conflict Theory

Answer 9

Society is a competition for limited resources

Question 10

Maslow’s Self-Actualization Theory

Answer 10

The highest level in Maslow’s hierarchy: a level of high achievement in which you have done all you can and have accomplished your goals to the best of your ability

Question 11

Altruism

Answer 11

Selflessness and concern for others

Question 12

Cultural Relativism

Answer 12

A person’s beliefs and health behaviors should be understood in the context of their own culture

Question 13

Folkways

Answer 13

Casual norms that govern everyday behavior

Question 14

Mores

Answer 14

Strict norms that determine ethics (what’s right and wrong)

Question 15

Taboos

Answer 15

Considered unacceptable by almost every culture

Question 16

Social desirability bias

Answer 16

Response bias that is the tendency of respondents to answer questions in a way that will be viewed favorably by others

Question 17

Test-retest bias

Answer 17

Participants take the same exam again

Question 18

Researcher bias

Answer 18

Study’s design is biased

Question 19

Kinship of affinity

Answer 19

Individuals are related by choice rather than blood

Question 20

Freud’s id

Answer 20

Unconscious primal desires

Question 21

Freud’s superego

Answer 21

Moral purpose

Question 22

Freud’s ego

Answer 22

Conscious balance between id and superego

Question 23

Gordon Allport’s Trait Theory

Answer 23

Cardinal trait (organize entire life around)
Central traits (defining characteristics inferred from behaviors)
Secondary traits (only occur sometimes)

Question 24

John B. Watson’s Little Albert Experiment

Answer 24

Classical conditioning and stimulus generalization to make young boy fear furry objects

Question 25

Solomon Asch’s conformity experiment

Answer 25

Individuals conform to a group view even if it clearly deviates from the correct answer

Question 26

Albert Bandura’s Bobo doll experiment

Answer 26

Observational learning for aggressive behavior

Question 27

Zimbardo’s Stanford prison experiment

Answer 27

Put people into roles of guards and prisoners. People will readily conform to social roles they’re expected to play beyond how they would act in normal life.

Question 28

Anomie

Answer 28

Society feeling fragmented and lacking cohesiveness (breakdown of social bonds)

Question 29

Availability heuristic

Answer 29

People make judgments based on information that is immediately available to them

Question 30

Negativity bias

Answer 30

Focusing on the negative aspects of a situation

Question 31

Hippocampus function

Answer 31

Memory

Question 32

Prefrontal cortex function

Answer 32

Executive decision making

Question 33

External validity

Answer 33

Generalizability to entire population

Question 34

Face validity

Answer 34

The degree to which the study addresses what it’s intended to address

Question 35

Internal validity

Answer 35

The degree to which casual conclusions can be drawn from the study

Question 36

Content validity

Answer 36

Whether a study comprehensively accounts for all relevant facets of phenomenon investigated

Question 37

EEG

Answer 37

Images active parts of brain (bloodflow)

Question 38

Functional MRI

Answer 38

Map active parts of brain

Question 39

PET Scans

Answer 39

Measure radioactive emissions (from glucose) to see areas of high and low activity and detect cancer

Question 40

CT Scans

Answer 40

3D (stationary) image

Question 41

Structural MRI

Answer 41

Just examines anatomy (not activity)

Question 42

The Darwinian Theory of Emotion

Answer 42

Emotion from its value in successful reproduction

Question 43

Cognitive appraisal theory of emotion

Answer 43

Individuals make different interpretations about stimuli

Question 44

Role strain

Answer 44

Problem fitting into existing role

Question 45

Role conflict

Answer 45

2 roles coming into conflict

Question 46

Difference between primary and secondary aging

Answer 46

Primary aging only involves biological factors and the physical body while secondary aging involves behavioral factors (diet/exercise)

Question 47

GABA

Answer 47

Main inhibitory neurotransmitter of CNS

Question 48

Reciprocal determinism

Answer 48

A person’s behavior influences and is influenced by personal factors and the environment

Question 49

Social loafing

Answer 49

Individuals don’t pull their weight in a group setting

Question 50

Deindividuation

Answer 50

Person doesn’t feel accountable for actions based on actions of others in group

Question 51

Social facilitation

Answer 51

Improved performance within group

Question 52

Social control

Answer 52

Enforcement of conformity

Question 53

Social cognitive theory

Answer 53

People learn by watching others and are more likely to copy behaviors if they see others rewarded

Question 54

Ratio level of measurement

Answer 54

There are a range of quantitative responses ordered at equally spaced intervals and with it being possible to score 0

Question 55

Difference between assimilation and integration?

Answer 55

In assimilation one rejects their native culture while in integration they identify with both the new and native cultures

Question 56

Relative deprivation theory

Answer 56

Individuals who perceive themselves as having less than others will act in ways obtain these resources

Question 57

General strain theory

Answer 57

Individuals who have experienced negative events feel negative emotions which lead to negative behaviors