6 - 3 Digestive System

Question 1

Carbohydrates

Answer 1

Provide energy for the body.

Question 2

Two types of carbohydrates

Answer 2

Starch and Sugar

Question 3

Starch

Answer 3

Complex carbohydrate

Question 4

Sugar

Answer 4

Simple carbohydrate. It is the building block of all carbohydrates.

Question 5

Fiber

Answer 5

Indigestible material helps food move through your digestive tract.

Question 6

Fats

Answer 6

Provides energy for the body when carbohydrates are not available.

Question 7

Two types of fats

Answer 7

Saturated and Unsaturated

Question 8

Saturated

Answer 8

From animals mainly and usually solid at room temperature.

Question 9

Unsaturated

Answer 9

From plants mainly and usually liquid at room temperature.

Question 10

Fatty Acids and Glycerol

Answer 10

Building blocks of fats.

Question 11

Proteins

Answer 11

Proteins are also used to build and repair the body. In addition, proteins provide energy for the body when fats and carbohydrates are not available.

Question 12

Amino acids

Answer 12

Building blocks of proteins.

Question 13

Minerals, Vitamins, Water

Answer 13

Help regulate the body and maintain homeostasis.

Question 14

Minerals

Answer 14

Helps your body function properly. (ex. Keeps muscles, bones and nerves healthy)

Question 15

Vitamins

Answer 15

Needed for chemical reaction to occur in the body. (ex. Aids in blood clotting)

Question 16

Water

Answer 16

Chemical reactions of the body take place in water.

Question 17

Digestive System

Answer 17

Purpose of the digestive system is to fuel the body with energy from nutrients.

Question 18

Two main types of digestion

Answer 18

Mechanical and Chemical

Question 19

Mechanical (digestion)

Answer 19

Physical action of breaking food down into smaller pieces (done in mouth and stomach).

Question 20

Chemical (digestion)

Answer 20

Food is broken down into the essential nutrients the body can use with the help of chemicals such as enzymes.

Question 21

Mouth

Answer 21

Helps digest ALL FOODS in the form of mechanical and chemical.

Question 22

Mechanical (mouth)

Answer 22

Mechanically digested with the movement of the teeth and tounge.

Question 23

Chemical (mouth)

Answer 23

Chemically digested with the help of saliva and enzyme amylase. Amylase breaks down carbohydrates.

Question 24

Salivary Glands

Answer 24

Secretes saliva into the mouth. Food DOES NOT enter the salivary glands.

Question 25

Bolus

Answer 25

The name of the chewed food in your mouth mixed with saliva.

Question 26

Esophagus

Answer 26

Transports food to the stomach. Smooth muscles push food through the digestive tract, this is known as peristalsis.

Question 27

Stomach

Answer 27

Helps digest ALL FOODS through BOTH chemical and mechanical digestion.

Question 28

Mechanical (stomach)

Answer 28

Peristaltic contractions churn the bolus and helps digest all food.

Question 29

Chemical (stomach)

Answer 29

The stomach lining cells secrete an acid called Gastric Juice. Gastric Juice breaks down proteins into amino acids.

Question 30

Liver

Answer 30

Produces Bile which chemically digests fats into fatty acids in the small intestine. Food DOES NOT enter the liver.

Question 31

Gallbladder

Answer 31

Small sac underneath the liver which stores bile. Food DOES NOT enter the gallbladder.

Question 32

Pancreas

Answer 32

The pancreas is known as the “super gland”. The pancreas produces pancreatic juice which chemically digests carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the small intestine. Food DOES NOT enter the pancreas.

Question 33

Small Intestine

Answer 33

The most important digestive organ (22 - 24 ft long) that helps digest ALL FOODS.

Question 34

Chemical Digestion in the Small Intestine

Answer 34

Bile and Pancreatic Juice digest food in the small intestine. The Small Intestine also produces its own intestinal juice to help break down carbohydrates and protein. Most nutrients digested are absorbed in the lining of the small intestine through tiny structures called Villi.

Question 35

Large Intestine

Answer 35

Water is absorbed in the large intestine (3 - 4 ft long) but NO actual digestion occurs. Waste products (feces) are collected in the large intestine and are stored in the rectum. Wastes are expelled (released) from the body through the anus.