6/5 revision

Question 1

4 signs/symptoms of haemolytic anaemia

Answer 1

Gallstones, jaundice, splenomegaly, leg ulcers

Question 2

Pernicious anaemia treatment

Answer 2

Hydroxocobalamin

Question 3

DVT investigations

Answer 3

D-dimer (negative rules out DVT)

US compression test

Question 4

When might you see smudge cells on microscopy?

Answer 4

Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia

Question 5

3 conditions associated with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Answer 5

SLE, Sjogren’s, RA

Question 6

Which enzyme might be raised in lymphoma?

Answer 6

Lactate dehydrogenase

Question 7

What are the 4 requirements for myeloma diagnosis?

Answer 7

Monoclonal band on protein electrophoresis
Bone lesions on X-ray
Excess plasma cells on bone marrow aspirate
Anaemia / renal failure / hypercalcaemia

Question 8

What is seen in the urine of someone with myeloma?

Answer 8

Bence-jones protein

Question 9

What is seen on the blood film of someone with myeloma?

Answer 9

Normochormic, normocytic anaemia

Rouleux formation

Question 10

Causes of secondary hypertension

Answer 10

CKD, Conn’s, Cushing’s, Acromegaly, Hyperthyroidism, Steroids, OCP

Question 11

Complications of MI

Answer 11

Arrythmias
Shock
Dressler's syndome / pericarditis
Aneurysm
Emboli

Question 12

Signs of heart failure on a CXR

Answer 12

Alveolar oedema
Kerley B lines
Cardiomegaly
Dilate upper lobe vessels
Effusions

Question 13

What is the diameter of an aortic aneurysm?

Answer 13

> 3cm

Question 14

Which layer is degraded in the initation of aortic aneurysm?

Answer 14

Elastic lamellae

Question 15

At what diameter must an unruptured aortic aneurysm be surgically repaired?

Answer 15

> 5.5cm

Question 16

Describe Mobitz 1 AV block

Answer 16

Gradually increasing PR until a QRS is dropped, then shorter again

Question 17

Describe Mobitz 2 AV block

Answer 17

Sustained long PR, randomly dropped QRS

Question 18

Which vavular disease?
Slow rising carotid pulse
Ejection systolic murmur
S4

Answer 18

Aortic stenosis

Question 19

Which vavlular disease?
Mitral facies
Loud opening S1 snap
Mid-diastolic murmur

Answer 19

Mitral stenosis

Question 20

Which valvular disease?
Wide pulse pressure
Early diastolic murmur

Answer 20

Aortic regurgitation

Question 21

Which valvular disease?
Pansystolic murmur
Displaced apex beat
S3

Answer 21

Mitral regurgitation

Question 22

What is the 1st line treatment for CML?

Answer 22

Oral Imatinib

Question 23

3 changes in asthma

Answer 23

Bronchoconstriction
Mucosal inflammation
Increased mucus production

Question 24

Lung cancer on CXR

Answer 24

Round shadow - fluffy edge 
Hilar enlargement
Consolidation
Collapse
Effusion

Question 25

1st line investigation for PE?

Answer 25

CT pulmonary angiography

Question 26

What does APTT stand for?

Answer 26

Activated partial thromboplastin time | Intrinsic pathway

Question 27

Name a DOAC

Answer 27

Rivaroxaban

Question 28

Which investigation is diagnostic for sarcoidosis?

Answer 28

Tissue biopsy - non-caseating grauloma

Question 29

Osteomyelitis acute changes

Answer 29

Inflammatory cells Oedema Vascular congestion Small vessel thrombosis

Question 30

Osteomyelitis chronic changes

Answer 30

Necrotic bone New bone formation Neutrophil exudate Lymphocytes and histiocytes

Question 31

Name a transdermal drug for osteoarthritis

Answer 31

Buprenorphine