Flashcards in 6/9 Deck (22)
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1
ways to "break the chain" of trasmission
1. neutralize host
2. interrupt mode of transmission
3. protect portals
4. immunization or treatment
2
Ws of immunization
where- endemic areas
when - disease season (vector bourne), during outbreak of non endemic areas
who - population at risk
why - the loss caused by the dz must be greater than the cost of immunization
3
features of good vax
safe to use
minimum side fx
effective against wide spectrum of pathogens
cheap
long shelf life, minimal storage requirements- delivery, thermostability
long lasting appropriate protection
easy to administer
benefits outweigh risks
4
live attenuated vax
edward jenner.
(naturally occurring )
protect chickens against Merks dz by giving similar turkey dz
5
attenuation
lose virulence, maintain antigenicity
6
production of live attenuated vax
rinderpest in rabbits- virus attenuates.
intentionally induce mutations: cold adapted mutant viruses. Influnza virus cannot replicat at 37degree c. only at 33. can no longer replicate in the lung and cause lung damage.
7
killed vax
inactivated, antigenicity retained
8
inactivated virus vax
require larger amounts of virus
need adjuvants
9
vax produced by recombinant DNA and related tech
reduce risk of virus reverting back and cause dz. intentionally induce mutations
select gene from virus expressing antigenic protein and chop off and put into harmless virus.
10
DIVA
differentiating infected from vaccinated
natural infection vs vaccinated.
both will induce produce Ab.
subunit vax
11
subunit vax
DIVA
prepare vaccine with only one of the antigens present in the wild type virus that may have 3 antigens. vaccinated animal will test positive for only this Ab rather than a sick animal which will test for all 3. very safe (only protein)
12
vector control
source reduction: breeding sources. prevent rain water accumulation. don't build houses out of poop.
biological control:natural enemies that eat vectors
Chemical control: insecticides , larvacides, adultacides
13
isolation
animals known to be ill with a contagious dz, tested pos or showing clinical signs
14
quarentine
animals that have been exposed... may or may not have clinical signs or test pos.
15
population control program
restrict mvmt of the animals, control reservoir
16
quarantine and culling
restrict mvmt and slaughter animals, dispose carcass
bury very deep away from water supply or burn
17
decontamination
process that renders surface or equipment safe to handle several types
18
sterilization
destroy all forms of microbial life *superior*
19
disinfections
eliminate many pathogenic, not effective on some spore forming bacteria.
20
antisepsis
decontamination of skin /live tissue
21
MERS
sister of SARS coronovirus
comes from camels
22
