6. aerobic respiration Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in 6. aerobic respiration Deck (18)
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1
Q

link reaction in

A

mitochondrial matrix

2
Q

link reaction converts

A

pyruvate to acetyl co enzyme A

3
Q

steps of the link reaction

A
  1. pyruvate is decarboxylated (1 C is removed to form CO2)
  2. pyruvate is oxidised to form acetate. NAD is reduced to form reduced NAD
  3. Acetate is combined with coenzyme A (CoA) to from acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA)
  4. No ATP is produced in this reaction
4
Q

products of link reaction for 1 glucose molecule

A

2 molecules of acetyl coenzyme A (go to krebs cycle)
2 CO2 molecules (waste)
2 molecules of reduce NAD (go to oxidative phosphorylation)

5
Q

kerbs cycle produces

A

reduced coenzymes and ATP

6
Q

kerbs cycle involves a series of

A

oxidation-reduction reactions

7
Q

where does krebs cycle take place

A

in the matrix of the mitochondria

8
Q

krebs cycle

A
  1. acetyl co enzyme A combines with 4 C molecule to produce 6 C molecule
  2. 6 C molecule looses 2 x CO2 and hyrdrogen to give a 4 C molecule (H reduces NAD and FAD)
  3. 1 ATP produced
  4. 4 C molecule can combine with acetly A again
9
Q

reduced NAD and FAD go to

A

oxidative phosphorylation

10
Q

oxidative phosphorylation is the process where

A

electrons from reduced coenzymes (reduced NAD / FAD) are used to make ATP

11
Q

oxidative phosphorylation involves the

A

electron transport chain

chemiosmosis

12
Q

how oxidative phosphorylation works

A
  1. reduced NAD / FAD oxidised and H released. H split into protons + and electrons e-
  2. electrons move down electron transport chain (made of electron carriers) loose energy at each carrier
  3. energy used by electron carriers to pump protons from mitochondrial matrix into inter membrane space (space between inner and outer mitochondrial membranes)
  4. concentration of protons higher in the intermembrane space than the mitochondrial matrix = electrochemical gradient
  5. protons move down electrochemical gradient via ATP synthase. drives synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi (known as chemiosmosis)
  6. mitochondrial matrix at end of transport chain protons, electrons and O2 (from blood) combine to form water. O2 final electron acceptor
13
Q

stage - glycolysis
molecules produced
number of ATP molecules produced

A

2 ATP = 2 ATP molecules
2 reduced NAD = 2x2.5 = 5 ATP molecule
total of 7 ATP molecules

14
Q

stage - link reaction (x2)
molecules produced
numer of ATP molecules produced

A

2 reduced NAD = 2x2.5 = 5 ATP molecules

15
Q

stage - Krebs cycle (x2)
molecules produced
number of ATP molecules produced

A

2 ATP
6 reduced NAD = 2.5 x 6 = 15 ATP molecules
2 reduced FAD = 1.5 x 2 = 3 ATP molecules produced
total of 20 ATP molecules produced

16
Q

how do mitochondrial diseases affect ATP production

A

affect how proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation or the kreb cyle function, reducting ATP production

17
Q

mitochondrial diseases may cause

A

anaerobic repiration to increase = lots of lactate causing muscle fatigue and weakness
some lactate will also diffuse into blood stream leading to high lactate concentrations in the blood

18
Q

substrates other than glucose that can be used in repiration

A

some products resulting from breakdown of other molecules such as fatty acids from lipids, amino acids from proteins can be converted into molecules that are able to enter the krebs cycle