6- Cervical Mechanics and Functional Anatomy (PS)

Question 1

Which cervical vertebra(e) are considered atypical cervical vertebrae?

a) C1
b) C2
c) C3
d) C7

Answer 1

A) C1 = atlas

B) C2 = axis

Question 2

Which cervical muscles are deep layer muscles located close to the axis of rotation and provide precise control of motion over the motion segment?

Answer 2

Intrinsic Muscles

Question 3

Which cervical muscles provide power with movement but lack the ability to precisely control movement?

Answer 3

Extrinsic muscle

Question 4

Control of flexion in the upper cervical spine is due to which muscles?

a) Rectus capitis anterior and longus capitius
b) Longus capitius and rectus capitis lateralis
c) Rectus capitis lateralis and Rectus capitis anterior
d) Longus Colli and Longus capitius

Answer 4

c) Rectus capitis lateralis and Rectus capitis anterior

Question 5

Control of flexion in the lower cerivcal segments is due to which muscles?

a) Rectus capitis anterior and longus capitius
b) Longus capitius and rectus capitis lateralis
c) Rectus capitis lateralis and Rectus capitis anterior
d) Longus Colli and Longus capitius

Answer 5

d) Longus Colli and Longus capitius

Question 6

Impairment of intrinsics is associated with what symptoms?

Answer 6

cervical spine pain and cervicogenic headaches

Question 7

Often seen in older patients, excessive translation is associated with …?

Answer 7

loss of intrinsic muscle function, bony changes (bone spurs)

Question 8

Cervical extrinsic muscles produce force with ____ and cause _____ translation of vertebrae with flexion

Answer 8

flexion; forward translation

Question 9

A patient comes in with tight upper Trapezius and levator scapulus, inhibited Rhomboids and serratus anterior, inhibited neck flexors, and tight pectoralis, what do you think he has?

Answer 9

Upper Crossed Syndrome/ Vladimir Janda

Question 10

If your deep neck flextures don’t work, it can cause stress on your spine, which causes forward translation.. this leads to abnormal bone processes. Then Stretch of the OA?

Answer 10

…

Question 11

Cervogenic Headache is caused by what?

Answer 11

Hypertonic or shortened muscles of intrinsic ce

Question 12

When assessing cervical vertebrae, what do we place our hands on to make the assessment?

Answer 12

Articular pillars

lateral masses between the superior and inferior facet joints. Posterior to the transverse process

Question 13

Vertebral motions are related to what surfaces?

Answer 13

Anterior and Superior surfaces

Question 14

Which vertebral facet joints backwards, upwards, and medial?

Answer 14

BUM!! = Cervical!

Question 15

Rotation right of the cervicals rotate go with sidebending to what direction?

a) None
b) Right
c) Left

Answer 15

b) RIGHT

Cervical spine DOES NOT follow FRYETTE’s principles!!

Question 16

T or F: The Cervical spine always follows Fryette’s principles.

Answer 16

FALSE; because the facet joints always rotate in the SAME direction as sidebending. (NOT Fryette’s prinicples).

Question 17

Primary motion for the upper portion of the lower cervical unit is _____?

Answer 17

Rotation (C2-C4)

Question 18

Primary motion for the lower portion of the lower cervical unit is _____?

Answer 18

Sidebending (C5-C7)

Question 19

OA Mechanics (Occiput on Atlas) primary motion is ________? What is the relationship of sidebending and rotation?

Answer 19

FLEXION & EXTENSION
Sidebending and rotation = Opposite sides ALWAYS.

Hint: OA = Opposite Always
(TQ)

Question 20

AA Mechanics (Atlas on Axis) primary motion is _________.

Answer 20

ROTATION ONLY.
50% of cervical spine rotation occurs here. Very important joint for rotation.

Very limited sidebending.

Question 21

In motion testing of the cervical spine, left to right translation ought to induce what direction side bending?

a) Right
b) Left
c) Forward
d) Back

Answer 21

Left to right = Right translation

Therefore, Left sidebending

Question 22

In motion testing of the cervical spine, which the following is not paired correctly?

a) OA:: Translation
b) AA:: rotation
c) C3:: Articular pillars
d) C1: Articular pillars

Answer 22

d) C1: Articular pillars

Question 23

A patient is have to have a limited translation to the right at the C6 level. It improves in both flexion and extension. What is the diagnosis?

Answer 23

C6 N SrRr

Question 24

A patient is found to have a limited translation to the right at the OA level. It improves in extension, but not in flexion. What’s the diagnosis?

Answer 24

OA E SrRl