6 Haemopoiesis Flashcards
(38 cards)
What are granulocytes?
Basophils
Eosinophil
Neutrophils
Lymphocyte function
B cells-attack invaders outside cells + produce antibodies
T cells- attack infected cells
Monocyte function
Phagocytoses, breakdown and remove microorganisms
Dense against chronic bacterial infections e.g.TB
Causes of monoytosis
-Bacterial infection e.g. TB
-Inflammatory condition e.g rheumatoid arthritis
-Carcinoma-cancer in epithelial tissue
-Leukaemia
Eosinophil function
Immune response against parasitic infection
Causes of eosinophilia
-Allergic diseases e.g. asthma
- parasitic infection e.g. helminths
- skin diseases
- drug hypersensitivity
Basophil function
- release histamine as immune response which causes redness
- help with allergic reactions
- Inflammatory conditions
Neutrophil function
-first responder phagocyte
- part of immune system
Neutrophil on blood smear
3-5 lobed nucleus
2 lobes = immature neutrophil
What is neutrophil maturation controlled by?
G-CSF
Increases neutrophil production
Enhances phagocytosis
Speeds up release o mature cells from BM
What is neutrophilia?
High neutrophil count
Causes of neutrophilia
Acute haemorrhage
Acute inflammation
Infection
Myeloproliferative diseases - blood cancer
Neutropenia causes 2 types
Reduced production
Increased removal/usage
What is neutropenia?
Low neutrophil count
Causes of neutropenia - reduced production
- B12/folate deficiency
- viral infection
- aplastic anaemia - empty marro
- Infiltration - malignancy, no room for BC production
- radiation
Causes of neutropenia - increased removal/usage
-Sepsis- marrow can’t synthesise neutrophils fast enough for demand
- immune destruction-autoantibodies destroy neutrophils
- splenic pooling - separating of neutrophils in spleen, less in circulation
Consequences of neutropenia
-severe bacterial infection
-severe fungal infection
-mucosal ulceration e.g painful mouth ulcers
Erythrocyte function
-deliver O2 to tissues
-carry haemoglobin
-maintain haemoglobin in reduced/ferrous state
-maintain osmotic equilibrium
-generate energy
Splenomegaly causes
- back pressure from portal hypertension
-overworked white/red pulp
-extramedullary haeompoiesis
-infiltration of foreign cells
-waste product accumulation
Hypersplenism meaning
Lack of functioning spleen tissue
Hypersplenism causes
-splenectomy-removal of spleen tissue
- sickle cell disease
-gastrointestinal diseases e.g. coeliac, crohn’s, ulcerative colitis
-autoimmune disorders e.g. rheumatoid arthritis
What can been seen on the blood film of a patient with Hypersplenism?
Howell jolly bodies - DNA remnants
Normally removed by functioning spleen tissue
What does red pulp do?
Removes old RBC
Metabolises haemoglobin
What does white pulp do?
Forms antibodies
Removes bacteria and RBCs covered in antibodies
