6. Histology of respiratory system

Question 1

URT

Answer 1

Nasal cavity
Pharynx
Larynx

Question 2

LRT

Answer 2

Trachea
Bronchioles
Bronchi
Lung
Diaphragm

Question 3

Role of URT

Answer 3

filtering, humidifying, and modifying the temperature of inspired air

Question 4

Respiratory mucosa

Answer 4

PsCCE+ lamina propria

Question 5

What type of epithelium lines the URT

Answer 5

Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium (PsCCE)

Question 6

where does the LRT begin?

Answer 6

larynx (true vocal chords)

Question 7

type of endothelium in the smallest airways

Answer 7

simple cuboidal non-ciliated

Question 8

type of endothelium in alveoli

Answer 8

simple squamous

Question 9

Goblet cells

Answer 9

occur in the trachea

decrease in number throughout the system

are absent in the terminal bronchioles

Towards the end of the bronchiole system the goblet cells are entirely replaced by Clara cells

Question 10

Hypertrophy

Answer 10

increase in cell size

Question 11

Hyperplasia

Answer 11

increase in cell size

Question 12

3 functions of Clara cells

Answer 12

1. They produce one of the components of surfactant
2. They act as reserve cells, i.e. they are able to divide, differentiate and replace other damaged cell types
3. They contain enzyme systems which can detoxify noxious substances

Question 13

Type I pneumocyte

Answer 13

cannot replicate, oxygen exchange

Question 14

Type II pneumocyte

Answer 14

can proliferate and differentiate

surfactant