6. OCD Flashcards
(28 cards)
OCD criteria
- recurrent, persistent
- excessive, unreasonable
- time consuming, affect functioning
what is obsessions
THOUGHTS persistent ideas nonsensical, inappropriate cause distress interrupts what their current thought is can be egodistonic (against one's own values)
individual RECOGNISES these as a product of their own mind
what is egodistonic thought
against one’s own values
eg: parent want to kill their child.
what is compulsions
repetitive behaviour
goal: reduce anxiety
but does not disconfirm the belief
rates of OC symptoms
80% population have unpleasant unwanted thoughts (includes those who can dismiss these thoughts)
more than 50% engage in ritualised behaviour (wear lucky charm, checking behaviour)
but people of OCD would not be able to dismiss these thoughts and have to ACT upon it
prevalent OC symptoms
most prevalent: checking behaviour
followed by somatic obsessions and then symmetry
OCD prevalence
2.3% of the whole population
no difference in m and f
age onset: 19yo
chronic cases is 50% of the 2.3%
childhood OCD prevalence
between 1/3 to 1/2 develop OCD in childhood
m > f
OCD and gender
no difference in gender in ADULT OCD
m > f in CHILDHOOD OCD
OC symptoms and gender
there is a difference in OC symptoms presentations/experience (NOT THE DIAGNOSTIC)
- F more likely than M to develop contamination/cleaning and somatic obsessions
OCD Diagnosis and gender
in people ALREADY DIAGNOSED with OCD,
- M are more likely to have symptoms in SEXUAL and religious areas
- W are more likely to have symptoms in aggression/violence and contamination/cleaning
OCD comorbidity
common with MDD (28%) and OCPD (25%)
causes of OCD
- learned response
- genetic (mutation of hSERT gene)
- environmental (early life traumatic experience)
- brain structure (malfunctions in regions associated with memory and organisation)
models of OCD
- behavioural model
- cognitive model
what is the behavioural model of OCD
- belief that intrusive thoughts are normal
- place meaning to these thoughts and RESPOND/ACT to it
- responses increase vigilance for intrusive thoughts and protects meaning of thoughts
what is the cognitive model of OCD
- trigger (i touched something + belief that dirt = germ)
- obsessive intrusions (i may have been infected)
- anxiety (i might contaminate my family)
- compulsion (handwashing)
- avoidance (avoid touching stuff)
- feel relieved –> but no challenging of thoughts
- cycle back
what is the implication to cognitive model of OCD to treatment
1st part of treatment should focus on CHALLENGING beliefs to target trigger
2nd part of treatment should focus on BEHAVIOUR (to stop compulsions, but may increase anxiety)
3rd part of treatment should focus on treating ANXIETY
intrusive thoughts become OBSESSIONS if they are evaluated as:
- overly important
- highly threatening (something bad will happen)
- requiring complete control (i need to stop thinking about this - but normally the more u think like this the more it will come back)
- person has intolerance of uncertainty
- idea of perfection
body dysmorphic disorder
perceived defects of physical appearance
leads to individual performing repetitive behaviour (mirror checking)
distress caused, social functioning etc
specific type: muscle dysmorphia (m > f)
prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder
1.5 %
age onset 16-17yo
generally is a comorbid disorder (secondary disorder)
m = f
however males more likely genital preoccupations and females more likely hv comorbid eating disorder
BDD cognitive factors
- self value is centred around physical qualities
- experience more anxiety after mirror checking (however, is a form of compulsion)
- engage in ruminative thinking “why am i so ugly”
- engage in past appearance related experiences “that time in p3 someone called me ugly”
hoarding disorder
persistent difficulty to discard stuff regardless of their actual value
hoarding disorder prevalence
2-6% ADULTS
m > f
more common in adults than young adults (the contrast to OCD and BDD which are more common in young adults)
Hoarding disorder cognitive factors
- control over possessions (i need to know where things are - but actually when you ask where is A, they would get lost)
- memory concern (worry that if get rid of sth, cannot find it)
- responsibility over possessions (i am the only one holding to this, i am responsible to keep it)
- give human qualities to possessions
- for hoarding animals: think that animals give unconditional love, and only him or her can take care and provide the animals with the best care
