6. Operating System and Managements

Question 1

Software Categories

Answer 1

1) Application Software

2) System Software

Question 2

Application Software

Answer 2

Programs that help solve real world problems

Question 3

System Software

Answer 3

Manages a computer system

Provides tools and environment in which application software can be created and run

Interacts directly with hardware

Question 4

Main roles of OS

Answer 4

1) Manage resources (shared among programs that want to use them)

2) Allow for interaction between human and computer

3) Allow different programs to interact

4) Track where and how a program resides in memory

5)

–> OS is like playground monitor –> makes sure every program is able to use CPU when it needs to (different programs are constantly competing for use of I/O devices)

Question 5

Multiprogramming

Answer 5

Technique of keeping multiple programs in main memory at the same time (all competing for CPU)

Question 6

Memory management

Answer 6

Act of keeping track of how and where programs are loaded in main memory

Question 7

Process

Answer 7

Dynamic representation of a program during execution

Question 8

Process Management

Answer 8

Act of keeping track of information for active processes

Question 9

CPU Scheduling

Answer 9

Act of deciding which process in memory is given access to the CPU so that it may execute

Question 10

Batch

Answer 10

System in which programs and system resources are coordinated and executed without interaction between the user and the program

Batch processing allowed multiple users to share a single computer

Question 11

Timesharing

Answer 11

System in which CPU time is shared among multiple interactive users (or programs) at the same time

Objective: minimze response time

Creates illusion that each individual users has their own machine

Question 12

Main memory

Answer 12

Continuous chunk of space divided into groups of 8, 16, or 32 bits

Each byte or word of memory has a corresponding address –> integer that uniquely identifies that particular part of memory

Question 13

Roles in which operating system and memory work together

Answer 13

Track where and how a program resides in memory

Convert logical program addresses into actual memory addresses

Question 14

Types of addresess

Answer 14

Logical addresses

Physical addresses

Question 15

Logical address

Answer 15

Reference to a stored value relative to the program making the reference

Allow a program to be moved around in memory or loaded in different places at different times

Question 16

Physical address

Answer 16

Actual address in the main memory device

Question 17

Address binding

Answer 17

The mapping from a logical address to a physical address