6-Understanding Organic Reactions

Question 1

Vocab:

Reaction in which an atom or a group of atoms is REPLACED by another atoms or a group of atoms

Answer 1

Substitution

Question 2

Vocab:

Reaction in which elements of the starting material are “lost” and a PI BOND is FORMED.

Answer 2

Elimination

Question 3

Vocab:

Reaction in which elements are ADDED to a starting material

Answer 3

Addition

Question 4

Reaction in which one SIGMA bond BREAKS and another one FORMS at the SAME carbon atom

Answer 4

Substitution reaction

Question 5

Reaction in which TWO SIGMA bonds are BROKEN and a PI bond is FORMED between adjacent atoms

Answer 5

Elimination reaction

Question 6

Reaction in which a PI bond is BROKEN and TWO SIGMA bonds are formed

Answer 6

Addition reaction

Question 7

Vocab:

Breaking a bond by equally dividing the electrons between two atoms

Answer 7

Homolysis

Question 8

Vocab:

Breaking a bond by UNEQUALLY dividing two atoms in a bond. Electrons normally end up on the more electronegative atom

Answer 8

Heterolysis

Question 9

Vocab:

A reactive intermediate with a SINGLE UNPAIRED ELECTRON that is highly unstable

Answer 9

Radical

Question 10

Vocab:

A POSITIVELY charged Arvin generate by giving two electrons to Z and none to C

Answer 10

Carbocation

Question 11

Vocab:

A NEGATIVELY charged carbon generated by giving two electro d to C and none to Z

Answer 11

Carbanion

Question 12

Nucleophile or electrophile?

Radical?

Answer 12

Electrophile

Question 13

Nucleophile or electrophile?

Carbocation

Answer 13

Electrophile

Question 14

Nucleophile or electrophile?

Carbanion

Answer 14

Nucleophile

Question 15

Bond formation always ____ energy

Answer 15

Releases

Question 16

positive or negative delta-H?

Energy is absorbed

Answer 16

Positive

Question 17

POSITIVE or NEGATIVE delta-H?

Endothermic

Answer 17

Positive

Question 18

POSITIVE or NEGATIVE delta-H?

Energy is released

Answer 18

Negative

Question 19

POSITIVE or NEGATIVE delta-H?

Exothermic

Answer 19

Negative

Question 20

Vocab:

Enthalpy change or HEAT of a reaction

Answer 20

Delta-H

Question 21

Endothermic or exothermic?

Energy is ABSORBED

Answer 21

Endothermic

Question 22

Endothermic or exothermic?

Energy is RELEASED

Answer 22

Exothermic

Question 23

Endothermic or exothermic?

BOND DISSOCIATION ENERGY

Answer 23

Delta-H always positive -> Endothermic

Question 24

Endothermic or exothermic?

Bond FORMATION

Answer 24

Always negative -> exothermic

Question 25

The STRONGER the BOND, the (HIGHER/LOWER) the BOND DISSOCIATION ENERGY

Answer 25

Higher

Question 26

BOND DISSOCIATION ENERGY (INCREASES/DECREASES) (UP/DOWN A COLUMN or LEFT/RIGHT ACROSS A ROW)

Answer 26

Bond dissociation energy DECREASES DOWN A COLUMN of the periodic table

Question 27

Which is STRONGER? Bonds BROKEN in STARTING MATERIALS or bonds FORMED in PRODUCTS? Positive delta-H

Answer 27

Bonds BROKEN in STARTING MATERIALS are stronger

Question 28

Which is STRONGER? Bonds BROKEN in STARTING MATERIALS or bonds FORMED in PRODUCTS? Negative delta-H

Answer 28

Bonds FORMED in PRODUCTS

Question 29

Reactant or product favored? | Keq > 1

Answer 29

Product

Question 30

Reactant or product favored? | Keq < 1

Answer 30

Reactant

Question 31

Keq () 1 | Product favored

Answer 31

Keq > 1

Question 32

Keq () 1 | reactant favored

Answer 32

Keq < 1

Question 33

Positive/Negative delta-G | Keq > 1

Answer 33

negative

Question 34

Positive/Negative delta-G | Keq < 1

Answer 34

positive

Question 35

Product/Reactant favored? | Positive delta-G

Answer 35

reactant

Question 36

Product/Reactant favored? | Negative dela-G

Answer 36

product

Question 37

Product/Reactant favored? | Energy of products is LOWER than the energy of the reactants

Answer 37

product

Question 38

Product/Reactant favored? | Energy of the products is HIGHER than the energy of the reactants

Answer 38

reactant

Question 39

Equilibrium favors (more/less) stable

Answer 39

more stable

Question 40

Equilibrium favors (lower/higher) in energy

Answer 40

lower

Question 41

Reactions resulting in a(n) (increase/decrease) in delta-S is favored

Answer 41

increase

Question 42

delta-S is?

Answer 42

entropy

Question 43

Product/Reactant favored? | Negative delta-H

Answer 43

product

Question 44

Product/Reactant favored? | Positive delta-H

Answer 44

reactant

Question 45

delta-H is negative or positive? | product favored

Answer 45

negative

Question 46

delta-H is negative or positive? | reactant favored

Answer 46

positive

Question 47

delta-H is negative or positive? | bonds in the product are STRONGER than the bonds in the reactants

Answer 47

negative

Question 48

delta-H is negative or positive? | bonds in the reactants are STRONGER than the bonds in the products

Answer 48

product

Question 49

LARGER Ea (slower/faster) reaction

Answer 49

slower

Question 50

FAST reaction has a lower/higher Ea

Answer 50

lower

Question 51

HIGH concentration = (slower/faster) reaction

Answer 51

faster

Question 52

HIGHER temperature = (slower/faster reaction)

Answer 52

faster

Question 53

Fast reactions have (small/large) rate constants

Answer 53

large

Question 54

Slow reactions have (small/large) rate constants

Answer 54

small

Question 55

A rate equation contains ____ involved in a ONE-STEP mechanism

Answer 55

ALL reactants

Question 56

A rate equation contains ____ involved in a MULTISTEP mechanism

Answer 56

ONLY the reactants involved in the RATE-DETERMINING step

Question 57

A catalyst (slows down/speeds up) a reaction

Answer 57

speeds up

Question 58

Does a catalyst appear in the products?

Answer 58

No

Question 59

delta-S positive/negative? | products are MORE disordered than reactants

Answer 59

positive