Atomic Structures And The Periodic Table Flashcards

1
Q

What does the periodic table display?

A

All the elements

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2
Q

Who argued that everything in the world was made up of particles so small they could not be cut in half?

A

Democritus

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3
Q

What did he call these tiny things?

A

Atoms

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4
Q

What Greek word does this come from and what does it mean?

A

Atoms and it means tiny (invisible)

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5
Q

When did John Dalton refine the idea?

A

1800’s Dalton’s Atomic Theory

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6
Q

What are the names of the atoms’ sub atomic particles?

A

Protons, neutrons and electrons

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7
Q

Where is the cluster of protons and neutrons found?

A

Nucleus

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8
Q

Where do the electrons live?

A

Shells

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9
Q

How are atoms organized on the Periodic table?

A

Atomic Number

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10
Q

Draw and label a diagram of 4
He
2

A

Look at book

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11
Q

What must the number of protons be equal to?

A

Number of electrons

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12
Q

What determines what element it is?

A

The number of protons (or electrons). The numbers of protons is equal to the atomic number of the element.

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13
Q

What is the mass number?

A

The mass number is the number of protons plus the number of neutrons in the nucleus

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14
Q

What is the number of neutrons equal to?

A

Mass number - number of protons

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15
Q

Where do the electrons go?

A

The electrons orbit the nucleus of the atom and they are arranged in shells. The maximum number of electrons which can be contained in each shell is: 1st shell= 2, 2nd shell= 8, 3rd shell= 8. The first shell must be full before there can be any electrons in the second shell, the second shell must be full before any electrons can enter the third shell and so on.

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16
Q

Give an example of the electronic structure?

A

For example there are three electrons in a lithium atom. Two of these electrons are in the first shell, the remaining electron is in the second shell this is represented by 2,1 which is known as lithium’s electronic structure. Since sulfur has 16 electrons, its electronic structure is 2, 8, 6.

17
Q

What is the electronic structure of carbon, with an atomic number of 6?

A

2,4

18
Q

What is the electronic structure of neon, with an atomic number of 10?

A

2,8

19
Q

What is the electronic structure of magnesium, with an atomic number of 12?

A

2,8,2

20
Q

What is the electronic structure of argon, with an atomic number of 18?

A

2,8,8

21
Q

What is the electronic structure of calcium, with an atomic number of 20?

A

2,8,8,2

22
Q

What are the observations of lithium and water?

A

Fizzes slowly across the surface. Gives off a gas. The lithium disappears. Heat given off. Metal shrinks and disappears

23
Q

What are the observations of sodium and water?

A

Fizzes quickly across the surface. Melts into a little ball. Gives off a gas. Heat given off. Metal shrinks and disappears.

24
Q

What are the observations of potassium ans water?

A

Fizzes quickly across the surface. Burns with a lilac flame. Heat given off. Gas produced. Potassium gets smaller then disappears

25
Q

What do these metals have to be stored under and why?

A

These metals have to be stored under oil because they react with water.

26
Q

What are all these metals soft enough to be cut with?

A

A knife

27
Q

How does reactivity increase?

A

Reactivity increases as you go down the group

28
Q

What do they all react with?

A

They all react with water to form an alkali (hence their name) and hydrogen gas e.g. Potassium + water = potassium hydroxide + hydrogen

29
Q

Like alkali metals, what do the alkaline earth metals react with?

A

Water to produce hydrogen gas. These reactions, however, are less intense than those with the alkali metals. Alkaline earth metals also react vigorously with oxygen.

30
Q

What are the alkaline earth metals all abundant in?

A

The earth’s crust

31
Q

What are the elements in group 0 called?

A

Noble gases. They have these properties in common:
•They are non-metals.
•They are very unreactive gases (inert).
•They are colourless.

32
Q

What is fluorine?

A

Fluorine is a yellow gas but is far too dangerous to handle at school.

33
Q

What is chlorine?

A

Chlorine is a hello-green dangerous gas. It is mixed with water to form a solution that is added to swimming pools.

34
Q

What is bromine?

A

Bromine is a red-brown hazardous liquid but you may see a week solution of it

35
Q

What is iodine?

A

Iodine is a purple solid but is dissolved in water to form a solution that is used to test for starch in biology.

36
Q

What is astatine?

A

Astatine is radioactive and very rare: there are only a few grams of it in the whole of the earth’s crust at any time