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Urinary > Development of the urinary system > Flashcards

Development of the urinary system Flashcards

1
Q

The _____ is an outgrowth of the hindgut.

A

Allantois

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2
Q

The ____ divides the root of gut to become the _____ and _____.

A

urogenital septum
hindgut
bladder

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3
Q

Name the three divisions of the mesoderm are:

A

Paraxial mesoderm, intermediate mesoderm, lateral plate mesoderm

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4
Q

The ____ forms most of the urinary system.

A

Intermediate mesoderm

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5
Q

Lateral plate mesoderm is made up of ____ and ____

A

Somatic mesoderm, visceral and splanchnic mesoderm

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6
Q

Intermediate mesoderm forms which three parts of the urogenital system?

A

Nephros (kidney precursors), urinary ducts, sex cords of the gonads

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7
Q

What was the evolutionary precursor to the renal system?

A

Flame cells

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8
Q

Flame cells propelled ____ down into the coelomic cavity

A

Excretory products

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9
Q

What are the three precursors to the kidney?

A

Pronephros, mesonephros, metanephros

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10
Q

Put these kidney precursors in order:

mesonephros, pronephros, metanephros

A

Pronephros, mesonephros, metanephros

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11
Q

As the different precursors of the renal system develop, the predecessors ____

A

Regress

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12
Q

What does the mesonephros become?

A

Gonads

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13
Q

What do the mesonephric ducts become?

A

Part of the gonads and the adrenal cortex

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14
Q

What does the metanephros become?

A

Definitive kidney in mammals, reptiles and birds

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15
Q

What do the metanephric ducts become?

A

Ureters, pelvis of kidney and collecting ducts

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16
Q

The kidney precursors are all ____ and are ____ in structure and blood supply

A

Paired

Segmental

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17
Q

The more advanced the animal, the more ____ the kidneys

A

Caudal

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18
Q

The blood supply to the metanephros comes from the ____

A

Dorsal aorta

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19
Q

____ stimulates the formation of nephric tubules

A

Blood flow

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20
Q

Nephric tubules are formed from ____

A

Intermediate mesoderm

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21
Q

Intermediate mesoderm projects into the coelomic cavity to form bilateral ____ in the thoracic/lumbar region

A

Urogential ridges`

22
Q

Nephric tubules are ____ within the pronephros and mesonephros

A

Segmental

23
Q

The urinary ducts form as holes within the ____ that join together to form a complete tube

A

Mesoderm

24
Q

Urinary ducts drain the ____ as the paired pronephric/mesnephric ducts

A

Nephric tubules

25
Q

In fish and amphibians, the ____ replaces the ____

A

Metanephros

Pronephros

26
Q

The mesonephros has both ____ and ____ elements in fish and amphibians. The caudal regions tends to be the true ____, and the and the cranial region tends to be the ____ region with some adrenal cortex

A

Reproductive
Excretory
Kidney
Gonad region

27
Q

Fish and amphibians have no ____

A

Metanephros

28
Q

In reptiles, birds and mammals, the ____ completely atrophies.

A

Pronephros

29
Q

The ____ regresses to form the gonads and adrenal cortex in mammals, birds and reptiles.

A

Mesonephros

30
Q

The ____ becomes the functional kidney in mammals, birds and reptiles.

A

Metanephros

31
Q

The mesonephros remains the largest in ____ embryos.

A

Pig

32
Q

The metanephros develops from paired outgrowths of the _____ ducts.

A

Mesonephric

33
Q

The metonephric ducts are also known as _____

A

Ureteric buds

34
Q

The ____ is a distinct region, whereas the pronephros an mesonephros are joined, so are not distinct regions.

A

Metanephros

35
Q

The metanephros is a seperate region of _____ that the metanephric ducts grow out to meet.

A

Mesoderm

36
Q

What structure takes over from the mesonephros in mammals, reptiles and birds?

A

Metanephros

37
Q

The invasion of the ureteric ducts, or _____ stimulates the formation of nephrons.

A

Metonephric ducts

38
Q

In the kidneys, the mesoderm forms:

A

Bowman’s capsules, PCT, LOH and DCT

39
Q

In the kidneys, the ureteric ducts form:

A

Collecting ducts, renal pelvis, ureter

40
Q

The invasion of the ureteric ducts stimulates the mesoderm to form the ____, _____, and _____

A

Bowman’s capsules, renal tubules and loops of Henle

41
Q

What is the trigone of the bladder?

A

An area of mesoderm left by the migrating mesonephric ducts as the move caudally and ventrally to become the ductus deferens.
It is made up of the two ureters and the neck of the bladder.

42
Q

What is the embryological origin of the trigone of the bladder formed from, and what is the embryological origin of the bladder proper?

A

Trigone: mesoderm
Bladder: endoderm

43
Q

The mesonephric tubules and duct will gradually become the _____

A

Gonads

44
Q

The _____ _____that generate the ova/sperm migrate from elsewhere to the gonads

A

Stem cells

45
Q

The seminiferous tubules of the testis come from the _____ _____

A

Renal tubules

46
Q

The ducts of the embryonic kidney will become the _____ _____ in the male

A

Ductus deferens

47
Q

In males, the _____ _____ regresses

A

Paramesonephric duct

48
Q

In females, the _____ and _____ regress.

A

Tubules, ducts

49
Q

In females, the _____ _____ becomes the ovarian ducts and uterus

A

Paramesonephric duct

50
Q

In both sexes, gonad supporting mesodermal cells arise from the regressing _____

A

Mesonephros

51
Q

The adrenal glands are a from two different endocrine organs. The adrenal cortex originates from the regressing _____ _____, while the adrenal medulla is derived from the _____ _____ _____ that migrate to the centre of the adrenal cortex

A

Mesonephric tubules

Neural crest cells

52
Q

What is an ectopic ureter?

A

One or both of the ureters enters the urethra/vagina downstream of the bladder sphincter.

Urinary (11 decks)

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