Twentieth century cultural legacies- religion

Question 1

Rastafari “represents one of the most recent forms of resistance”

Answer 1

Chevannes

Question 2

Rastafari is “concerned above all else with black consciousness, with rediscovering the identity, personal and racial, of black people”

Answer 2

Clarke

Question 3

Comaroff

Answer 3

notes similarites between the Jamaican Revival Movement and Rastafari religions, resistance to dominant oppressive symbols

Question 4

Campbell

Answer 4

linked Rastafari movements to traditions beginning with maroons, and slave revolts of 18th and 19th century, and work of Marcus Garvey

Question 5

Marronage-

Answer 5

seen as “earliest and easier forms of resistance to slavery” (Chevannes)

Question 6

Sharpe’s Rebellion

Answer 6

what began as a peaceful strike to protest working conditions turned into Jamaica’s largest slave rebellion
Myal played a dominant role, with these characteristics “remained alive in the Rastafari movement” (Chevannes)

Question 7

Morant Bay Rebellion 1865, Curtin

Answer 7

Curtin- political failure by ruling class to understand how ex-slaves would work in European Jamaica

Question 8

Morant Bay Rebellion, Robotham

Answer 8

failure to break free from slavery, “even in freedom”

Question 9

1938 Uprising

Answer 9

Rastafari became hospice for “uprooted and derelict masses cast off by society”

Question 10

Great revival

Answer 10

1860-1- increasing number of Afro-Jamaicans join Christian Church
continuation of ‘folk’ religious expression. Helps Jamaican people express an alternative worldview.

Question 11

Great revival movements

Answer 11

Zion, Pukumina

Question 12

Clarke- christian movements

Answer 12

way for black Jamaicans, who continued to live with the memory of enslavement, and denied any substantial participation in Jamaica’s political institutions

Question 13

The idealisation of Africa can be seen in Christian evangelisation

Answer 13

Missionaries in the 19th century returned repeatedly to ideas of travelling to Africa to Christianise Africa

Question 14

William Knibb

Answer 14

used a passage from Psalm 68, identifying with the Ethiopia

Question 15

Pan-African era - “africa for the africans”

Answer 15

helped spread anticolonial ideas, e.g. Dr Robert Love’s Journal- the ‘Jamaica Advocate’
1901- Pan-African Association from Trinidad. Secure africans and their descendants civil and political rights

Question 16

Marcus Garvey

Answer 16

Used biblical references to Ethiopia, and was influenced by the attention the League of Nations had been giving to the restoration of Palestine to the jews.

Question 17

Declaration of Rights of Negro Peoples of the World

Answer 17

40th demand- Resolved, that the anthem “Ethiopia, Thou Land of Our Fathers” should be anthem of Negro race

Question 18

3 leading figures who moved around the americas leading and preaching conversion to Rastafarianism, and emphasised black power

Answer 18

Howell, Hibbert, Dunkley