carboxylic acids and acyl chlorides

Question 1

why are small carboxylic acids very soluble

Answer 1

polar (electrons drawn to O)

forms H bonds with polar molecules

Question 2

carboxylic acid + metal ->
ethanoic acid + magnesium ->
2CH3COOH + Mg ->

Answer 2

salt + hydrogen
magnesium ethanoate
(CH3COO)2Mg + H2

Question 3

carboxylic acid + carbonate ->
ethanoic acid + sodium carbonate ->
CH3COOH + NaCO3 ->

Answer 3

salt + carbon dioxide + water
sodium ethanoate + carbon dioxide + water
CH3COONa + CO2 + H2O

Question 4

carboxylic acid + base (alkali) ->
ethanoic acid + sodium hydroxide ->
CH3COOH + NaOH ->

Answer 4

salt + water

CH3COONa + H2O

Question 5

carboxylic acid + base (metal oxide)->
ethanoic acid + magnesium oxide ->
CH3COOH + MgO ->

Answer 5

salt + water

(CH3COO)2Mg + H2O

Question 6

acyl chloride
functional group
suffix e.g. CH3COCl

Answer 6

COCl
-oyl chloride
ethanoyl chloride

Question 7

acyl chloride

how to make an acyl chloride

Answer 7

carboxylic acid + SOCl2 (OH on acid replaced with Cl)

Question 8

acyl chlorides easily lose their

Answer 8

chlorine

Question 9

1. acyl chloride + water ->
2. ethanoyl chloride + water ->
3. CH3COCl + H2O ->

Answer 9

1. carboxylic acid + hydrogen chloride gas
2. ethanoic acid +
3. CH3COOH + HCl

Question 10

1. acyl chloride + alcohol ->
2. ethanoyl chloride + methanol ->
3. CH3COCl + CH3OH ->
4. what kind of reaction

Answer 10

1. ester + hydrogen chloride gas
2. methyl ethanoate +
3. CH3COOCH3
4. vigorous

Question 11

1. acyl chloride + ammonia ->
2. ethanoyl chloride + ammonia ->
3. CH3COCl + NH3 ->

Answer 11

1. primary amide + hydrogen chloride gas
2. ethanamide +
3. CH3CONH2 + HCl

Question 12

1. acyl chloride + amine ->
2. ethanoyl chloride + amine ->
3. CH3COCl + CH3NH2 ->

Answer 12

1. secondary amide + hydrogen chloride gas
2. N-methylethanamide
3. CH3CONHCH3 + HCl

Question 13

1. acyl chloride + phenol ->
2. ethanoyl chloride + phenol ->
3. CH3COCl + C6H5OH ->
4. why is it better to use acyl chloride rather than carboxylic acid?

Answer 13

1. ester + hydrogen chloride
2. phenyl ethanoate
3. CH3COOC6H5 + HCl
4. faster to use acyl chloride