Principles of Programming

Question 1

Object Oriented

Programming

Answer 1

A style of programming in which programmers define classes that consist of attributes (data) AND operations (functions/methods)

Question 2

Class

Answer 2

Blueprint for an object. A class defines how an object is to behave (methods) and what data is to be stored (attributes/variables)

Question 3

Object

Answer 3

An instance of a class

Question 4

Access modifier

Answer 4

Keywords in object-oriented languages that set the accessibility of attributes and methods. E.g. private, public, protected or static.

Question 5

Procedural

Answer 5

Instructions are in programmer defined sequence. Used for a general application like payroll. Eg. Visual Basic, C, PHP

Question 6

Event-driven

Answer 6

The flow of the program is determined by events such as user actions (mouse clicks, key presses), sensor outputs, or messages from other programs

Question 7

Visual

Answer 7

Users create programs by manipulating program elements graphically rather than by specifying them textually.
Used when writing applications that require GUI or for visual environments like Windows

Question 8

Markup

language

Answer 8

Uses tags to define elements within a document. It is human-readable, meaning markup files contain standard words, rather than typical programming syntax.
Used creating web pages

Question 9

Low-level

language

Answer 9

Machine code and assembly languages, instructions reflect the way the machine is built; good for driving printers, creating displays and translators. Not good for problem solving

Question 10

High-level

language

Answer 10

Programmer can express the program in a way that reflects the problem, allows meaningful identifier names and use of subroutines.

Question 11

Paradigm

Answer 11

A typical style of programming approach used to structure a program in a particular way.

Question 12

Encapsulation

Answer 12

Combining data and methods into one class. Data in the class is accessed using predefined methods and parameters. The implementation (code) of an object is hidden from the rest of the program.

Question 13

Inheritance

Answer 13

Class used to build a hierarchy of descendant classes with each descendant class has access to data and methods from its parent class

Question 14

Polymorphism

Answer 14

Giving an action/method one name that is shared up and down the class hierarchy. Each class implements (codes) the action (method) in a way that is appropriate to itself.

Question 15

Data type

Answer 15

An attribute that tells what kind of data is to be held in a data item or variable e.g. integer, string, single