Chapter 23- Plant Structure

Question 1

Root function

Answer 1

Anchor
Absorbs Water
Absorbs Minerals
TRansports absorbed materials
Store food

Question 2

Root types

Answer 2

Tap Roots- one main root

Fibrous roots- Many equal sized roots arising from stem base.

Question 3

Name Root Zones and function

Answer 3

1. Differentiation-Tissues develop into 3 different types of tissue (Vascular, Dermal, Ground)
2. Elongation- Cells inccrease in size
3. Meristematic- New cells grow and divide by mitosis.
4. Protection-Root cap protects cells
   (alphabetical order)

Question 4

Name meristem types

Answer 4

Apical Meristems- Tip of shoot and root. Increase length

Lateral Meristems- Edges of plants. Increase width

Question 5

Transverse section of root/stem

Answer 5

Looking from above- See notes for diagrams

Look for root hairs to identify which is which.

Question 6

Stem functions

Answer 6

Support aerial parts of plant.
Transport water and minerals from roots to stem.
Transports food from leaves to roots.
Sometimes stores food.

Question 7

Name parts of stem and function

Answer 7

Apical/Terminal bud- Increases stem length
Lateral/Auxill ry bud- Grow side branches
Lenticells- Openings in stem for gas exchange.

Question 8

Leaf functions

Answer 8

Photosynthesis
Transpiration
Gas Exchange
Sometimes stores food

Question 9

Leaf parts and function

Answer 9

Node- attaches leaf to stem.
Petiole- Stalk of the leaf (leaves without called sessile)
Leaf Blade- the leaf flattens. Also called a lamina. Contains veins and midrib
Midrib- Petiole continues through the blade.
Internode- Space between nodes.
Veins, Midrib, Petiole- holds vascular tissue

Question 10

Leaf venation types

Answer 10

Parallel- veins run alongside eachother. Monocots: grasses, tulips, daffodiles
Net/Reticulate- Veins form branching network. Dicots: rose, buttercup, beans

Question 11

Monocots
No. of cotyledons
Vascular arrangment in stem
Leaf venation
No. of flower parts
Root type
Plant type
Examples

Answer 11

No. of cotyledons: 1
Vascular arrangment in stem: Scattered
Leaf venation: Parallel
No. of flower parts: multiples of 3
Root type: Fibrous
Plant type: Herbacous
Examples: Grass, Daffodiles, tulips, cereals, dandelion

Question 12

Dicots
No. of cotyledons
Vascular arrangment in stem
Leaf venation
No. of flower parts
Root type
Plant type
Examples

Answer 12

No. of cotyledons: 2
Vascular arrangment in stem: Circle
Leaf venation: Netted
No. of flower parts: multiples of 2 or 5
Root type: Tap
Plant type:Herbacous/Woody
Examples: Buttercups, roses, trees, peas, beans, sunflowers, carrots

Question 13

Rhyme to tell difference between monocot and dicot

Answer 13

Dicot: To tap dance you need 2 feet, when you dance you go in a circle, then you branch out.

Question 14

Cotyledon

Answer 14

A seed leaf- Develops into first leaf from seed

Question 15

Difference between Xylem and Phloem

Answer 15

Xylem: transports water. Dead tissue. 2 types (tracheid and vessel)
Phloem: transports food. Living tissue. 1 type (sieve tubes and companion cells)

Question 16

Difference between tracheids and vessels

Answer 16

Vessel: Tube shape. Wider.
Tracheid: Long, tapered end

Question 17

Features of xylem that allow for water transport

Answer 17

Hollow lumen
Pits allow water to pass between vessels/tracheid
Lignin gives strength prevents collapse
Overlap and form continuous tubes

Question 18

Lignin

Answer 18

Hard chemical
Walls of vessels/tracheids
For strength
Laid in spiral patterns.

Question 19

Parts of phloem and function

Answer 19

Companion cell- Has nucleus, controls activities of sieve tube and companion cell.
Sieve tube cell- transports food, has no nucleus but has cytoplasm, no lignin-cytoplasm for support
Sieve plate- Allows molecules to pass between sieve tube cells.