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Chemistry⚗ > FINALS > Flashcards

FINALS Flashcards

1
Q

The creation mandate calls us to:

A

Use wise dominion over creation

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2
Q

Simplified representation that characterize a system or explain a phenomenon is known as an:

A

Scientific model

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3
Q

What is chemistry?

A

The study of matter and the changes it undergoes

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4
Q

What is science?

A

The total collection of knowledge gained through the systematic observation of nature

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5
Q

What science probes nature simply to learn new things

A

Pure science

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6
Q

What type of experiment is only condition varied at a time to isolate and measure its effects on the outcome

A

Controlled

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7
Q

The data that is collected through an experiment

A

Empirical

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8
Q

A material drawn into wires

A

Ductility

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9
Q

Matter packed into a given volume determines its

A

Density

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10
Q

Smallest basic particles of an element

A

Atoms

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11
Q

What is a charged atom

A

Ion

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12
Q

What is the ability to do work

A

Energy

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13
Q

The measurement of randomness

A

Entropy

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14
Q

What is the base unit for measurement

A

Meter

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15
Q

What is an assessment of the exactness of a measurement

A

Accuracy

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16
Q

When you add and subtract you need the same units

A

True

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17
Q

What compares the magnitude of the measurement error with the size of the measurement

A

Percent error

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18
Q

Precision can change when multiplying and dividing data

A

False

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19
Q

What principle states that we cannot know both the energy and the momentum of an electron at the same time

A

Heisenberg uncertainty principle

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20
Q

What do we call four numbers that represent the energy momentum and probable location of an electron

A

Quantum numbers

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21
Q

Who fist developed an atomic model based on experimental evidence

A

John dalton

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22
Q

Who was the modern periodic table creditied to?

A

mendeleev

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23
Q

what are the vertical columns on the periodic table called?

A

families or groups

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24
Q

what are the horizontal rows on the periodic table called?

A

periods or series

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25
Q

who was the first chemist to quantify the electronegativity?

A

linus pauling

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26
Q

what is a graphic description of how elements differ from one another?

A

periodic table

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27
Q

Who wanted the elements to be arranged by atomic number?

A

henry mosely

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28
Q

The elements that produced by manmade nuclear reactions were called what?

A

transuranium elements

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29
Q

What type of ions have lost electrons to make them have a positive charge?

A

cations

30
Q

The energy required to remove the first electron from its outermost shell is the what?

A

first ionization energy

31
Q

The measure of the attraction between the nucleus and valence electron is what?

A

electron affinity

32
Q

Which are soft metals that are very reactive because of a single loosely held electron?

A

alkali metals

33
Q

What element has characteristics that lie in-between metals and nonmetals?

A

metalloids

34
Q

Which group is named because they form salts when they react with other reactive metals?

A

halogens

35
Q

What does the modern periodic law state?

A

all elements differ according to their atomic number in a periodic way

36
Q

What are some uses of hydrogen?

A

rocket fuel and ammonia

37
Q

what element has the strongest electronegativity?

A

fluorine

38
Q

what are two properties of transition metals?

A

they are hard and heavy

they conduct electricity

39
Q

what do we call elements that combine with oxygen?

A

oxides

40
Q

what do we call elements that combine with sulfer?

A

sulfides

41
Q

When is a atoms stability maximized?

A

when it has a full valence shell

42
Q

What happens to atoms who have fewer that four valence electrons?

A

they tend to loose more electrons

43
Q

What are covalent bonds usually between?

A

non metals

44
Q

What do delocalized electrons act as?

A

glue in metallic bonds

45
Q

What are solid ionic compounds good conductors of?

A

heat in electricity

46
Q

Atoms naturally link to form what?

A

chemical bonds

47
Q

Which bonds are formed by sharing electrons?

A

covalent

48
Q

Atoms that bond using delocalized electrons form what?

A

metallic bonds

49
Q

What is the tendency of a object to form 2 localized regions of opposite character?

A

polarity

50
Q

A single line in a Lewis structure represents what?

A

a pair of electrons

51
Q

What is the octet rule?

A

when a valence shell is full it maximizes the satiability.

52
Q

What are two elements that are diatomic.

A

chlorine and oxygen

53
Q

What are sigma bonds when hey combine with pi bonds?

A

less strong

54
Q

Are there exceptions to the octet rule?

A

yes

55
Q

What does antibonding do to the molecule?

A

destabilize it

56
Q

What are bonds called when they are shared equally?

A

covalent bonds

57
Q

What type of bond is a pi bond?

A

when the sides overlap

58
Q

What is molecular resistance?

A

it gives the molecule space on where to go

59
Q

In the VSEPR theory an area of electron density can be what?

A

bonds and shared electrons

60
Q

What is the difference between symmetrical and a symmetrical?

A

symmetrical molecules are balanced and a symmetrical are off balanced

61
Q

What theory states that when the two bonding orbitals are superimposed, the overlapping space containing both electron becomes available to both nuclei, and both atoms acquire another valence electron that fills the vacancy in that particular orbitals?

A

valence bond theory

62
Q

This theory suggest that the orbitals of a molecules atoms are replaced by totally new orbitals when a molecule forms:

A

molecular orbital theory

63
Q

Which theory focuses on the locations of highest electron density surrounding the central atom in a molecule and those areas of negative electrical charge repel each other until they are as far apart as in geometrically possible?

A

valence shell electrons pair repulsion theory

64
Q

What is orbital hybridization?

A

when orbitals of different energies combine together to form new orbitals

65
Q

Partial charges are represented by what symbol?

A

sigma

66
Q

In a Lewis diagram the arrow with a plus sign point toward what?

A

the atom with the higher electronegativity

67
Q

What shape is always polar?

A

bent

68
Q

What describes the magnitude and direction of molecular polarity?

A

dipole moment

69
Q

what symbol represents dipole moments?

A

sigma

70
Q

What shape is y shaped arrangement with all four atoms lying on a single plane?

A

trigonal planar

Chemistry⚗ (7 decks)

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