global sac 3 Flashcards
1
Q
national interest
A
- Refers to the key goals and objectives of a state. The national interest outlines important policy preferences and directs foreign policy but can also be contested by different factions within a state.
2
Q
security
A
- Although traditionally referring to the immediate protection of state’s borders, security now encompasses notions of economic, environmental and collective security.
3
Q
idealism
A
- When policy preferences and decisions are based on moral or ethical values rather than practical ones
4
Q
pragmatism
A
- When policy preferences and decisions are based on practical considerations rather than moral or ethical ones
5
Q
hard power
A
- The direct use of force in order to influence other actors.
6
Q
soft power
A
- The indirect use of force or attraction in order to subtly influence other actors.
7
Q
military power
A
- The use of a state’s armed forces to influence other actors.
8
Q
economic power
A
- The use of a state’s finances, trade and investment to influence other actors.
9
Q
cultural power
A
The use of a state’s history, customs and traditions to influence other actors
10
Q
political power
A
The use of a state’s legal or legitimate authority to influence other actors
11
Q
diplomatic power
A
The use of communication and negotiation to influence other actors
12
Q
national security factors shaping #1
A
- Xi Jinping has declared a “people’s war” on terror among Muslim Uighurs in the western region of Xinjiang. - - March 2015: three Chinese Separatists executed for their role in the Kunming Railway attack that killed 31 people in 2014.
- south-western province of Yunnan
- ‘China’s 9/11’ by state- run media outlets
- strengthened focus on territorial security in response to terrorism.
13
Q
national security factors shaping #2
A
- Regional claims to contested territory erodes China’s sovereignty.
- claims from Vietnam over the Spratly Islands erodes China’s sovereignty
2016: Vietnam reportedly secretly moved rocket launchers to five bases in the Spratly Islands within range of China’s newly-built airstrips. - strengthens their focus on regional relationships.
14
Q
national security different perspectives
A
- The CCP believes that the PRC has the sovereign right to develop artificial islands and has compared the island-building to ordinary construction, such as road-building, that is going on elsewhere in the country.
- External views from states such as Australia and the US view China’s artificial islands as a breach of the international laws of the sea.
- Argue that ‘sovereignty’ cannot be created over ‘artificial structures’, refuting China’s claim.
- Vietnam has also taken the PRC to the ICJ to contest their land-reclamation practices.
- This is supported by the claims of Daniel Russel (US Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs), who said that “no matter how much sand you pile on a reef in the South China Sea, you can’t manufacture sovereignty.”
15
Q
national security extent of achievement success
A
- maintaining national security externally.
- Since 2013, China has constructed or reclaimed 2900 acres of land in waters that the US considers international waters.
- February 2016: China militarised the contested Woody Island by constructing missile defence systems.
- This further solidified China’s claims to contested territories; maintaining sovereignty over contested areas.