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Block 6 Ellen > Physiology of stress and anxiety L6 > Flashcards

Physiology of stress and anxiety L6 Flashcards

1
Q

stress=

A

any condition that actually or potentially poses a challenge to the body’s ability to maintain homeostasis

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2
Q

2 types of stress

A

Eustress

Distress

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3
Q

what is Eustress

A

mild stress that is useful

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4
Q

what is Distress

A

unpleasant or disease producing stress

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5
Q

what is a stressor

A

any stimulus that produces a stress response

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6
Q

external stressor=

A

physical environment
social interactions
life events

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7
Q

internal stressor=

A

lifestyle choices
negative self talk
mind

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8
Q

psychosocial events

A

unemployment
marriage/ divorce
work

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9
Q

physiological events

A

blood loss
low blood glucose
surgery

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10
Q

what is the general adaptation syndrome

A

physiological responses to stressors in an attempt to regain homeostasis

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11
Q

3 responses in the stress response

A

Alarm phase
Resistance phase
Exhaustion phase

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12
Q

short term stress response

A

stress—> Cerebral cortex—> hypothalamus–> sympathetic NS–> adrenal medulla—> catecholamines

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13
Q

longterm stress response uses

A

HPA axis

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14
Q

what phase is the short term stress response

A

alarm phase

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15
Q

what is the short term stress response controlled by

A

catecholamines (NA and A) released by the adrenal medulla

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16
Q

name general effects of sympathetic NS (4)

A 
mobilisation of glucose
increased:
HR, 
RR,
energy use
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17
Q

what phase is the HPA axis

A

resistance/ adaptation phase

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18
Q

HPA axis=

A

hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis

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19
Q

what does the hypothalamus release

A

CRH

corticotropin releasing hormone

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20
Q

what does CRH do

A

activates the anterior pituitary to release ACTH

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21
Q

ACTH=

A

adrenocorticotropic hormone

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22
Q

where does ACTH travel to

A

adrenal glands

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23
Q

what does ACTH do to the adrenal glands

A

stimulates cortisol release

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24
Q

what is cortisol

A

glucocorticoid

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25
Q

what does Cortisol do (5)

A 
Lipid released into the blood
amino acids/ proteins released from muscles 
increased blood glucose
Aldosterone release 
immuno suppresent
26
Q

where is aldosterone released from

A

adrenal cortex

27
Q

what does aldosterone do

A

causes retention of sodium, increased water retention, increased Bp

28
Q

what are Glucocorticoids

A

a group of hormones of the adrenal cortex released during stress

29
Q

effect of stress on sex hormone

A

junior docs have less testosterone

30
Q

why have an exhaustion phase

A

resources of the body become so depleted that they cannot sustain the resistance phase

31
Q

what is the amygdala involved in

A

the fear response

32
Q

what does activation of the amygdala central nucleus cause

A

-long and short term stress response
periaqueductal grey matter
diffuse modulatory system

33
Q

what does activating the periaqueductal grey matter do

A

avoidance behaviour

34
Q

what does the diffuse modulatory system do

A

increased vigilance

35
Q

what suppresses the stress response

A

Hippocampal activation

36
Q

what stimulates the stress response

A

amygdala

37
Q

what can injecting cortisol enhance

A

memory

38
Q

what does stress enhance

A

memory

39
Q

what is acute stress effect on the immune system

A

can up regulate immune system

40
Q

what is chronic stress effect on the immune system

A

immunosuppression (mediated by glucocorticoids)

41
Q

what can glucocorticoids be used to treat

A

arthritis

42
Q

anxiety=

A

inappropriate expression of fear

43
Q

typical anxiety symptom (4)

A

tension
overactivity of ANS
upset stomach
impending doom

44
Q

generalised anxiety=

A

ongoing state of anxiety lacking reason or focus

45
Q

panic disorder=

A

brief periods of intense terror and apprehension (panic attack)

46
Q

panic attack symptoms (5)

A 
shortness of breath 
hyperventilation 
heart palpitations 
chest pain 
numbness/ tingling fingers
47
Q

phobias=

A

strong fears of specific things or situations

48
Q

OCD=

A

intrusive thoughts cause anxiety, compulsions neutralise the anxiety

49
Q

PTSD

A

anxiety triggered by recall of past stressful experiences

50
Q

in PTSD what is reduced in size

A

hippocampus

51
Q

In PTSD what has abnormal activation

A

Amygdala

52
Q

treatment of anxiety

A

psychological

pharmacological

53
Q

drug that reduces anxiety short term

A

Benzodiazepines

54
Q

e.g of Benzodiazepines

A

Diazepam (valium)
temazepam
clonazepam

55
Q

Benzodiazepines mechanism

A

GABA agonists

56
Q

e.g of SSRI

A

Prozac (fluoxetine)

57
Q

SSRI=

A

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

58
Q

mechanism of SSRI

A

prolonged action of serotonin by blocking reuptake

59
Q

e.g of B-adrenoreceptor agonist

A

propanolol

60
Q

what do Beta blockers do

A

reduce physiological symptoms

Block 6 Ellen (10 decks)

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