Intro to the reproductive system

Question 1

can changes in basal body temperature be used to manage fertility?

Answer 1

yes

Question 2

progesterone exerts an effect upon the hypothalamus to increase body temp. true or false?

Answer 2

true

Question 3

what is aetiology?

Answer 3

the cause of disease

Question 4

which gender’s urethra is longer?

Answer 4

men’s

Question 5

why are UTI’s much more likely in women?

Answer 5

because the urethra is much shorter

Question 6

what causes most UTI’s?

Answer 6

E.coli causes about 75% of UTIs

Question 7

anything that slows urine flow, what does it do?

Answer 7

could precipitate a UTI

Question 8

when is it difficult to manage UTIs in women?

Answer 8

when they’re pregnant

Question 9

what is the uterus lined by?

Answer 9

endometrium

Question 10

are the ovaries connected to the Fallopian tube?

Answer 10

no

Question 11

what is octopic pregnancy?

Answer 11

embryo implanted in fallopian tube

Question 12

what is the cervix?

Answer 12

a hard layer of muscle that controls entry into the reproductive trap of sperm after coitus

Question 13

what do endocrine glands do?

Answer 13

they synthesize and store hormones. they have a sensing and signaling system which regulate the duration and magnitude of hormone release via feedback from the target cell.

Question 14

what has a target cell got to have?

Answer 14

a receptor for the hormone

Question 15

what are some functions of the endocrine system?

Answer 15

maintenance of the internal environment in the body

• integration and regulation of growth and development
• control, maintenance and instigation of sexual reproduction

Question 16

what is paracrine action?

Answer 16

the hormone acts locally by diffusing from its source to target cells nearby

Question 17

what is the endocrine action?

Answer 17

the hormone is distributed in blood and binds to distant target cells

Question 18

what is the autocrine action?

Answer 18

the hormone acts on the same cell that produced it

Question 19

what are gonadotrophins?

Answer 19

chemically complex peptide hormones. they all have the same alpha unit but different beta unit
- they exert their effects via G-protein coupled receptors

Question 20

what are steroid hormones derived from?

Answer 20

cholestrol

Question 21

what do steroid hormones differ in?

Answer 21

they differ in the ring structure and side chains attached to it.0

Question 22

are all steroid hormones lipid soluble?

Answer 22

yes

Question 23

what are the main effects of oestrogen

Answer 23

basal body temp, maturation in blood tissue,

Question 24

what are the main effects of oestrogen

Answer 24

basal body temp, maturation in blood tissue,

Question 25

what feedback control is most common?

Answer 25

negative feedback

Question 26

prior to ovulation, what kind of feedback is it?

Answer 26

positive feedback

Question 27

what age does menarche start?

Answer 27

at 12 years

Question 28

what age does menopause start?

Answer 28

51 years

Question 29

what are eicosanoids?

Answer 29

molecules derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids, local hormones

Question 30

what is GnRH?

Answer 30

gonadotropin releasing hormone

Question 31

what is basal body temp?

Answer 31

he lowest body temperature attained during rest

Question 32

what happens to basal body temp during the menstrual cycle?

Answer 32

there is a slight surge after ovulation due to progestrone predominance in the second part of the menstrual cycle

Question 33

what happens to basal body temp during the menstrual cycle?

Answer 33

there is a slight surge after ovulation due to progestrone predominance in the second part of the menstrual cycle

Question 34

how does understand reproduction and the way hormones exert their effects help us?

Answer 34

allows us to control fertility, manage disease states such as osteoporosis

Question 35

what controls gametogenesis?

Answer 35

gonadotrophins