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RUSVM BacT Exam 1 > Streptococcus > Flashcards

Streptococcus Flashcards

1
Q

Oxygen Metabolism?

A

Facultative Anaerobe

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2
Q

Where does it reside?

A

Mucous membranes, part of normal flora

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3
Q

Virulence Factors:

A

HEMOLYSINS

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4
Q

Are alpha-hemolysins pyogenic?

A

NO - beta-hemolysins are generally pyogenic

Alpha/non-hemolytic are not pyogenic

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5
Q

How do you classify a streptococcus infection (2 uses)

A

Lancefield classification and type of Hemolysis

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6
Q

What is the Lancefield classification based on?

A

It is based on cell wall carbohydrates

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7
Q

What group DOES NOT react with lancefield?

A

Viridans Group - makes ID difficult

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8
Q

S. pyrogenes - Group A Streptococcus - What hosts does it infect?

A

Humans (Scarlet fever) and Cattle (mastitis and skin infections)

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9
Q

What species of Streptococcus are zoonotic?

A

S. Canis and S. Iniae

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10
Q

What are the host(s) for S. canis ?

A

TYPICALLY puppies and kittens

Group G streptococcus infection

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11
Q

What type of S. suis is most often seen clinical case in pigs, and most predominant isolate from humans?

A

Type 2

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12
Q

T/F: S. suis affects adult/geriatric pigs?

A

False: S. suis affects weaning and growling pigs

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13
Q

What species does S. iniae infect?

A

FISH

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14
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with S. iniae infections?

A

Meningoencephalitis, myocarditis, epicarditis, perineuritis

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15
Q

T/F: both strains of S. iniae are virulent and commensal?

A

TRUE

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16
Q

S. Porcinus causes what clinical signs in pigs?

A

Jowl Abscesses

17
Q

S. pneumonia causes what condition in guinea pigs and rodents?

A

Pneumonia

18
Q

What does S. pneumoniae cause in humans?

A

Pneumonia, septicemia, and meningitis

19
Q

What animals act as carriers for S. pneumoniae?

A

Domestic Pets

20
Q

What disease does E. Equi subsp. equi cause?

A

Strangles - abscess formation in regional lymph nodes

21
Q

How to distinguish S. equi subsp. equi?

A

Group C Streptococcus; Beta-hemolytic

Marked mucoid appearance from abundant hyaluronic acid capsule

22
Q

S. equi subsp. equi causes what kind of infections?

A

Contagious Upper Respiratory Tract Infection (with abscess formation)
Mortality is low

23
Q

How is S. equi subsp. equi transmitted?

A

DIRECT CONTACT with horse shedding bacteria

INDIRECT - with contaminated environments

24
Q

Which age group is most susceptible to S. equi subsp. equi infection?

A

<2 years old (aka weaned foals/yearlings); (<4 months are protected by maternal AB’s)

25
Q

S. equi subsp. equi Virulence Factors

A

Hyaluronic Acid Capsule and M protein

26
Q

When do clinical signs for S. equi subsp. equi appear?

A

3-14 days after exposure as nasal discharge/cough (URI)

27
Q

When do you typically see lymph node abscesses with S. equi subsp. equi?

A

Wishing 2 weeks of initial signs (submandibular and retropharyngeal)

28
Q

S. equi subsp. equi complications

A

Disseminated infection (bastard strangles)
Purpura hemorrhagica
Guttural Pouch Empyema
Guttural Pouch Chondroids

29
Q

What is Guttural Pouch Empyema?

A

Accumulation of purulent material in guttural pouch from lymphatic drainage and rupture into pouch.

Secondary infection to URI

30
Q

What are Guttural Pouch Chondroids?

A

An accumulation of soft or hard “stone-like” concretions in one/or both pouches

Assoc. with chronic Empyema

31
Q

Is S. equi subsp. equi a reportable disease?

A

YES - quarantine animal

32
Q

Which antibody do you test for with S. equi subsp. equi?

A

M protein

33
Q

What is the mechanism for S. equi subsp. equi killed vaccine?

A

Given IM - Used in pregnant mares/foals to maintain high levels of ANTI M PROTEIN opsonizing Ab’s

34
Q

Live vaccine for S. equi subsp. equi is given through which method? IM, SubQ, or Intranasal?

A

Intranasal - stimulates mucosal immunity

35
Q

Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Enterococcus are all considered what type of bacteria?

A

Gram Positive Cocci

RUSVM BacT Exam 1 (15 decks)

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