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Geography- Natural Environment > Watery World > Flashcards

Watery World Flashcards

1
Q

What does the term domestic water use mean?

A

Water used for indoor or outdoor household purposes

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2
Q

What is an indoor example of domestic water use?

A

Showers
Brushing teeth
Washing clothes
Cooking

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3
Q

What is an outdoor example of domestic water use?

A

Watering plants

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4
Q

Do LIC’s or HIC’s use more water for domestic use? Why?

A

HIC’s -they can afford it

-they have clean water

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5
Q

Why don’t LIC’s use much water for domestic use?

A
  • don’t have money
  • water is dirty
  • may need to walk to get water
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6
Q

What does the term industrial water use mean?

A

Water used in factories to produce products

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7
Q

Name some examples of processes which use water in factories.

A

Cooling
Washing
Processing
Transporting

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8
Q

Do LIC’s or HIC’s use more water for industrial use?

A

HIC- can afford to keep businesses open and they expand quickly

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9
Q

Why don’t LIC’s use much water in industry?

A

They cannot afford water and their businesses don’t last long

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10
Q

What does agricultural water use mean?

A

Water used to grow crops and keep livestock

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11
Q

Why do LIC’s and HIC’s both use a lot of water agriculturally?

A

LIC- they can easily sell crops for food
-countries are hot so need a lot of water

HIC- they are able to grow specific foods like corn or wheat

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12
Q

Why do wealthier people use more water for domestics?

A
  • more bathrooms (baths use 120L, showers 60L)
  • more appliances e.g dishwashers
  • swimming pools
  • bigger gardens
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13
Q

Why do wealthier people use more water in industry?

A
  • things are cooled and cleaned

- high power washer use a lot of water to clean

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14
Q

Why do wealthier people use more water agriculturally?

A

Richer people eat more meat (beef needs 16,000L for kg)

Rice requires 3,000L per kg

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15
Q

Define the word percolates.

A

Rain soaking into rock

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16
Q

Define porous.

A

Allows water through

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17
Q

What is meant by ground water?

A

Water stored underground

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18
Q

What does impermeable mean?

A

Water cannot get through

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19
Q

How do you get water from an aquifer?

A
  • rain water percolates into porous rock

- rock stores ground water below ground

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20
Q

Why is water use increasing?

A 
More appliances (dishwashers) 
More people having baths
Better sanitation systems
Industry
Farming
Drinks
More people eating meat (requires 16,000 L)
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21
Q

What does the term surface run off mean?

A

The flow of water over the ground surface, including rivers and streams

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22
Q

What does infiltration mean?

A

Water sinking into the soil

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23
Q

What does through flow mean?

A

Water flowing through the soil

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24
Q

What does saturated mean?

A

Completely full

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25
Q

What is a water table ?

A

The level in the ground where soil and rocks are saturated

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26
Q

Where does water come from?

A

Aquifers
Rivers
Reservoirs

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27
Q

What are the pros and cons or using an aquifer?

A

Good:
Fresh
Reliable
Contains minerals

Bad:
Easily drained so region has smaller supply

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28
Q

How can people get water from rivers?

A 
Water is pumped out into a holding tank 
Water mixed with  chemicals so that sediments sticks together and sinks
Water is filter
Chlorine added to kill bacteria 
Piped to homes
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29
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of river water supply.

A

Good-
Easily extracted
Can be put back into rivers

Bad-
Water needs treatment
Seasonal
Require large rivers

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30
Q

Why do reservoirs store water?

A

So that water can be supplied all year round when there is less rain
Also it can be transferred to places where there’s no rain

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31
Q

How do reservoirs provide water for people?

A

Through a pipe line

Into rivers

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32
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of reservoirs.

A

Good-
Hydropower
Store water for later use

Bad-
Expensive
Flood existing settlements
Eroded material deposited into reservoirs

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33
Q

What is a water surplus?

A

More water than people need

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34
Q

How is a water surplus created?

A

More water is received from rainfall than is lost in evaporation

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35
Q

What is water deficit?

A

Less water than people need

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36
Q

How is a water deficit created?

A

Little rainfall and most is lost due to evaporation

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37
Q

What are the conditions needed for a water surplus?

A

High rainfall
Low temp
Low population

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38
Q

What are the conditions needed for a water deficit?

A

Low rainfall
High temp
High population

39
Q

Why do LIC’s have water supply problems?

A

Water borne diseases
Lack of safe water
Water pollution

40
Q

How much of a population of an LIC suffers from water related diseases?

A

50%

41
Q

How many children die annually due to diseases from water? How many a day?

A

1.8 million

5000

42
Q

How many people in LIC’s have a lack of access to clean water?

A

1.1 billion

43
Q

How many people lack access to safe sanitation?

A

2.6 billion (40% of the world)

44
Q

How far would a woman in Africa walk to her water? How much would they carry?

A

6km

20kg

45
Q

What causes water pollution?

A

Deforestation
Agriculture
Industry
Mining

46
Q

Why does deforestation pollute water?

A

Fewer trees means less interception
More rain hits ground
Soil erosion increases
More sediment in rivers

47
Q

How does farming pollute water?

A

Poorly applied fertilisers are too concentrated
Run off into rivers
Toxic

48
Q

Why does factory waste mean water is unsafe?

A

Plastic waste dumped into rivers

Polluted rivers with chemicals

49
Q

How does mining pollute water?

A

Rain water runs through piles of rocks (mining waste)

chemical reaction creates acids that run into rivers

50
Q

Why do LIC’s lack access to safe water?

A

Poverty -cannot afford treatment

Low population density- too spread out to install pipes

Pollution- water polluted not safe to drink

Lack of rainfall- water deficit

51
Q

Name 6 water borne diseases

A 
Cholera
Dysentery 
Malaria
Typhoid 
Trachoma 
Bilharzia
52
Q

Which water borne diseases are caused by bacteria? (Water borne)

A

Typhoid
Trachoma
Cholera
Dysentery

53
Q

What water borne diseases are caused by parasites? (Water related diseases)

A

Dysentery
Malaria
Bilharzia

54
Q

What are the causes of dysentery?

A

Spread from person to person from unwashed surfaces - spreads bacteria

55
Q

What are the symptoms of dysentery?

A

Diarrhoea
Sickness
Fatal

56
Q

Causes of cholera?

A

Bacteria from faeces contaminates water.

57
Q

Symptoms of cholera?

A 
Watery faeces 
Faeces smell fishy
 Vomiting 
Dehydration 
Fatal
58
Q

Causes of malaria?

A

Parasite through mosquito bites

Parasite multiples in blood cells

59
Q

Symptoms of malaria?

A

Fever
Headache
Vomiting

60
Q

Causes of bilharzia?

A

Parasitic worms enter blood stream- from infected water

61
Q

Symptoms of bilharzia?

A

Rash
Fever
Liver damage
Chills

62
Q

Causes of typhoid?

A

Eating contaminated food or drink

Contaminated by faeces

63
Q

Symptoms (1-3 weeks) of typhoid?

A

Week:
1- fever, pain, sick,skin rash
2-slowing heart beat
3-loss of appetite, diarrhoea,rapid breathing

64
Q

Causes of trachoma?

A

Persona contact -poor personal hygiene

65
Q

Symptoms of trachoma?

A

Blurred vision

Mucus from eyes

66
Q

Why is water supply a problem in HIC’s like Spain?

A 
Golf courses
Swimming pools
Showers 
Baths
Watering crops
67
Q

How much leakage is there in London per year?

A

3.5 billion litres

68
Q

What is the problem with U.K. Water supply?

A

It’s decreasing

69
Q

How could HIC’s reduce domestic water use?

A 
Showers
Shirt flush toilets
Turn off taps
Fix dripping taps 
Economy setting washing machines
Water metres
70
Q

How could industries reduce water wasted?

A

Clean up waste on floor with scraping machines instead of hoses
Catch all waste water and recycle it for grey waster

71
Q

How could farmers reduce water wasted instead of using sprinklers?

A

Drop feed irrigation-
delivers water directly to plant roots by a pipe with holes in it

Only looses 10% , sprinklers loose 30%

72
Q

How can LIC’s manage water use?

A

Appropriate technology

Treadle pump
Sand dam
Rainwater harvesting

73
Q

How does rainwater harvesting improve water supply in LIC’s?

A

School roof collects rain water

Large water tank holds rain to last through to dry season

74
Q

How do sand damns improve water supply?

A

Water stored in sand
Sand storage reduces evaporation in summer
Sand filters water
Low cost dam traps water for when needed

75
Q

How to treadle pumps improve water supply?

A

Deep well provides irrigation water all year round
Increases crop yield for farmers
Bamboo construction is cheap

76
Q

Name examples of sustainable solutions to water supply.

A

Lining wells
Rainwater harvesting
Sand dams
Treadle pumps

77
Q

How does waste water recycling improve water supply?

A

Adding treated sewage water to drinking water reduces the need to pump water from underground

78
Q

What is our water transfer scheme case study?

A

Ataturk dam

79
Q

Who built the ataturk dam?

A

Turkey

80
Q

When was the ataturk dam Built? On what river?

A

1993 on the Euphrates river

81
Q

What are the benefits of the ataturk dam?

A
  • hydro electric power 17/21 dams
  • renewable energy for turkey
  • dams create 22% of turkeys electricity
  • help irrigate 4 million acres of land for farming
  • turkey can grow 50% more cotton
  • controls flows in the river to prevent flooding
82
Q

Problems caused by the ataturk dam?

A
  • Syria receives 500m3 per second (less than 50% previously)
  • 7/10 Syria HEP schemes closed down (lack of water)
  • water more polluted
  • Iraq have reduced flow - marshes now desert
  • population in Iraq from 60,000 in 1960 to 6,000 in 1995
  • less water for homes and industry
  • less water for irrigation
83
Q

What conflict was caused due to ataturk dam?

A
  • 1970’s Iraq nearly bombed dam

- Syria and turkey shot down each others planes

84
Q

Case study for water management ?

A

3 gorges dam

85
Q

Where was the 3 gorges dam built ?

A

Yangtze River, china

86
Q

How long is the reservoir behind 3 gorges dam?

A

660km

87
Q

How many turbines does the 3 gorges dam have? How much power provided?

A

32 turbine creating 700 mega watts of power

88
Q

Positive economic effects of 3 gorges dam?

A 
1 million visited a year 
Bigger ships (3000 tonnes) transport more goods 
More industry to be built
89
Q

Negative economic effects of 3 gorges dam?

A

£23 billion to constructs

More money needed to resettle 1 million people into area

90
Q

Positive environmental effects of 3 gorges dam?

A

Reduce flooding (before I’m 1998 it killed 3000 and made 14 million homeless)
Largest hydroelectric plant (save 100million tones of co2)
Produce enough energy equal to 18 nuclear power stations

91
Q

Negative environmental effects of the 3 gorges dam?

A

Extinction of unique river dolphin
Flooding land to create reservoirs destroyed habitats
500,000 farmers lost land
100,000 acres lost which grew 10% of China’s rice

92
Q

Positive social effects of the 3 gorges dam?

A

New jobs
Wages rise
New homes

93
Q

Negative social effects of the 3 gorges dam?

A

1.4 million moves away
Water flooded 1000 villages, 140 towns and 2 cities
Weight of water causes landslides killing 199 people and villages

Geography- Natural Environment (4 decks)

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