SCIENCE FINAL 2017

Question 1

Why is science always subject to change?

Answer 1

With new technological advancements, new knowledge, and more advancements, science is always changing.

Question 2

How many plates is Earth composed of?

Answer 2

Seven

Question 3

Nebular Theory

Answer 3

The sun and planets formed together from a cloud of gas and dust; a nebula

Question 4

What does the influence of gravity do to a nebula?

Answer 4

The nebula shrinks and spins faster

Question 5

Matter

Answer 5

Anything that has mass and takes up space

Question 6

Volume

Answer 6

The amount of space an object takes up

Question 7

Density

Answer 7

Measures the compactness of a material

Question 8

Mass

Answer 8

The amount of stuff in an object

Question 9

What does an increase in mass yield? A decrease?

Answer 9

Increase in mass=Increase in volume///Decrease in mass=decrease in volume

Question 10

What is the formula for density?

Answer 10

density=mass/volume

Question 11

Differentiation

Answer 11

The phenomenon of substances settling according to their densities

Question 12

Kinetic Energy

Answer 12

Energy in motion

Question 13

The faster the particles, the more _______

Answer 13

Kinetic energy

Question 14

Rocks collided and fused together ______

Answer 14

Earth

Question 15

During the formation of Earth the kinetic energy from rocks transformed into _______

Answer 15

Heat

Question 16

How did Earth’s surface solidify?

Answer 16

Collisions from meteors and comets slowed down

Question 17

Why is the interior of the Earth hot today?

Answer 17

Heat from the planets formation, differentiation, and radioactive decay

Question 18

Radioactivity

Answer 18

The phenomenon where unstable atomic nuclei break down and emit particles and heat (radiation)

Question 19

Where does radioactivity occur?

Answer 19

Radioactivity occurs in elements with an imbalance of neutrons and protons

Question 20

Describe an alpha particle

Answer 20

Consists of two protons and has a positive electrical charge. It has a helium nucleus and is very weak

Question 21

Describe a beta particle

Answer 21

An ejected electron from a neutron. It has a smaller mass and electrical charge, but it moves faster. When stopped it becomes an ordinary electron

Question 22

Describe a gamma ray

Answer 22

High frequency electromagnetic radiation emitted from the nucleus at an excited state. It is more harmful than an alpha and beta particle, and it is very strong

Question 23

Half Life

Answer 23

The rate of decay for a radioactive isotope

Question 24

What evidence do we have that Earth has a hot core?

Answer 24

Evidence of volcanoes, faults and geysers, radioactive decay in radioactive elements, and continental plates.

Question 25

Plate Tectonic Theory

Answer 25

Surface of plates that move where geological activities occur

Question 26

Name evidence for Pangaea

Answer 26

Fossils scattered, plates fit together, mountains, etc.

Question 27

Kinetic Theory of Matter

Answer 27

Matter made up of tiny particles always in motion

Question 28

Thermal Energy

Answer 28

The total energy (kinetic or potential) of the particles that make up a substance

Question 29

Kinetic Molecular Theory

Answer 29

All molecules are in motion and the more kinetic energy in the molecules, the faster they move and the farther they spread out

Question 30

What does matter contain and NOT contain?

Answer 30

Matter contains thermal energy, and it does NOT contain heat

Question 31

Where does conduction occur?

Answer 31

Predominately in solids where solids remain restricted

Question 32

In convection, heated water and gas ____.

Answer 32

Rise

Question 33

Catalyst

Answer 33

Speeds up the reaction in an experiment

Question 34

Pure Substance

Answer 34

All particles are identical

Question 35

Mixture

Answer 35

Physical combination of two or more elements or compounds

Question 36

Element

Answer 36

Pure substance made from only one type of element

Question 37

Compound

Answer 37

Pure substances made from two or more types of atoms

Question 38

Molecule

Answer 38

Particle with two or more atoms joined by chemical bonds

Question 39

Compound

Answer 39

Collection of molecules where two or more types of atoms are bonded together and all the molecules are the same

Question 40

Is Ca(NO3)2 a mixture or a compound?

Answer 40

Compound

Question 41

Heterogenous Mixture

Answer 41

Two different elements not evenly dispersed

Question 42

Homogenous Mixture

Answer 42

Two different elements evenly dispersed

Question 43

Physical Change

Answer 43

A change in the physical properties of a substance

Question 44

Chemical Change

Answer 44

The transformation of one or more substances into others

Question 45

What was Earth’s first atmosphere composed of and what happened?

Answer 45

Hydrogen and helium, and this was unable to withstand the solar winds

Question 46

Name some possible sources for Earth’s atmosphere

Answer 46

Comets and meteorites vaporizing upon impact with Earth

Question 47

Are rocks responsible for rusting?

Answer 47

No

Question 48

What evidence for rust do we have appearing 2 BY ago?

Answer 48

Red beds over 2 BY old, and alternating bands of red (rusted) and black (non rusted) iron

Question 49

What is the equation for Rust?

Answer 49

Fe+O2—>Fe2O3

Question 50

Entropy

Answer 50

The natural tendency of energy to disperse from areas of high to low concentration

Question 51

Exothermic Reaction

Answer 51

A chemical reaction that results in the net production of energy (reactants—>products+energy)

Question 52

Endothermic Reaction

Answer 52

A chemical reaction where there is a net consumption of energy

Question 53

Greenhouse Effect

Answer 53

The warming of the atmosphere that occurs because of the ability of certain atmospheric gasses to absorb and reemit infrared radiation