Questions

Question 1

Name the process in which cells become differentiated

Answer 1

differentiation or specialisation

Question 2

Explain 3 ways in which a palisade cell is adapted for photosynthesis

Answer 2

contain many chloroplasts
chloroplasts absorb/capture light energy needed for making organic compounds

thin, permeable cell wall to absorb carbon dioxide

large vacuole pushes chloroplasts to the edge of the cell

Question 3

The system of classification consists of a hierarchy. Explain what is meant by a hierarchy

Answer 3

A hierarchy means groups within groups with no overlap between the groups

Question 4

Explain how a change in a sequence of DNA bases could result in a non-functional enzyme

Answer 4

change in sequence is called a mutation
mutation could cause change in amino acid sequence /primary structure
which alters bonding in R-groups/hydrogen/ionic bonding
changes the tertiary structure/active site
substrate cannot bind and no enzyme-substrate complex can form

Question 5

An increase in respiration in the tissues of a mammal affects the oxygen dissociation curve of haemoglobin. Describe and explain how.

Answer 5

increase in respiration causes increase in CO2 conc.

So the curve moves to the right

Question 6

the stomata of leaves of pine trees are found in pits below the leaf surface. Explain how this helps to reduce water loss.

Answer 6

Water vapour accumulates this reduces air movement around the stomata and so reduces the water potential/diffusion gradient