L26: Socio-economic Influences

Question 1

Makueni district, Kenya. Land. Weather. Social Issues.

Answer 1

High masses and lower foothills with high agricultural potential. Cool, wet weather. Main crops: coffee and maize

Plain: lower agricultural potential. Hot, dry weather. Main crops: livestock, maize, indian veg

seasons: short dry, long rains, long dry, short rains
- tribal trouble, refugees, pirates, drought, poaching, corruption

Question 2

Makueni district irrigation

Answer 2

63 group schemes. 129 individual schemes.

Question 3

Positive irrigation impacts in Makueni

Answer 3

• work and income generation
• self-sufficiency
• increase std of living
• reduction over-grazing

Question 4

Negative irrigation impacts in Makueni

Answer 4

• drainage hazard
• water-borne diseases
• pollution of water resources
• increased use of chemicals

*market access, gender issues, religion

Question 5

Fordwah Distributary, Pakistan.

Land.
Weather
Irrigation
logistics

Answer 5

Desert.
Monsoon climate

Largest contiguous (sharing common border) irrigation system in the world. 42.6km length. 17,273 ha.

logistics: distance, transport, roads

Question 6

Fordwah Distributary, social issues

Answer 6

• caste (each of the hereditary classes of Hindu society, distinguished by relative degrees of ritual purity or pollution and of social status.)
• family relationship
• nomadic (wandering)

Question 7

Fordwah Distributary, influence of tenancy arrangement

Answer 7

• more care for land
• leasing aims for short term benefit, may result in short term degradation
• sharecropper has no decision power for cultivation practices
• sharecropper has no water right and no say at water users meeting, local knowledge lost
• no impact on maintenance
• potential influence where one owner has several tenants, could distribute water/resources unequally
• in practice distribution fair
• tenancy provides flexibility in water management
• land consolidation