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spinal final > The Head > Flashcards

The Head Flashcards

1
Q

What part of the skull is derived from endochondral ossification?

A

chondrocranium

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2
Q

Which skull bones are ossified by both endochondral and intramembranous ossification?

A

the mandible, sphenoid, temporal, and occipital bones

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3
Q

Which bones of the appendicular skeleton is formed by both endochondral and intramembranous ossification?

A

the clavicle

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4
Q

What are the four subclassifications of synarthrosis joints based on Latin groupings?

A

suture, gomphosis, schindylesis, and syndesmosis

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5
Q

What are the characteristics of sutura vera (true sutures)?

A

sutures demonstrating interlocking of the adjacent bone surfaces; typically formed by intramembranous ossification

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6
Q

What are the characteristics of sutura notha (false sutures)?

A

sutures lacking interlocking of adjacent bone surfaces; typically formed by endochondral ossification

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7
Q

What is the classification of a joint with a “nail-like” condition?

A

gomphosis

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8
Q

What is the classification of a joint with a “fissure-like” condition?

A

schindylesis

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9
Q

What is the name given to the indentation of bone between the nasal and frontal bones?

A

nasion

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10
Q

What is the name given to the outline of the nasal cavity at the front of the skull?

A

piriform aperture

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11
Q

What is the name given to the alveolar jugum of the canine tooth in the maxilla?

A

canine eminence

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12
Q

What forms a bullet-like chin?

A

a large mental protuberance

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13
Q

What forms an indented chin?

A

well developed bilateral mental tubercles and a slight mental protuberance

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14
Q

What is the tip of the external occipital protuberance called?

A

the inion

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15
Q

What is the name of the linear elevation lateral to the external occipital protuberance?

A

superior nuchal line

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16
Q

Temporal lines are a feature on which bone(s)?

A

parietal and frontal bones

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17
Q

What is the appearance of suture intersections just above the zygomatic arch called?

A

the pterion

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18
Q

What is the appearance of suture intersections just above the mastoid process called?

A

the asterion

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19
Q

What points on the skull are used to measure the skull size?

A

the nasion, vertex, inion, and gnathion

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20
Q

What points on the skull are used to measure cranial vault capacity?

A

the nasion, vertex, and inion

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21
Q

What is the norma basalis?

A

the skull viewed from the bottom

22
Q

What is the appearance of the suture intersections over the hard palate called?

A

the cruciate or cruciform suture

23
Q

Pterygoid plates are a feature of what bone?

A

the sphenoid bone

24
Q

What is the posterior boundary of the anterior cranial fossa?

A

a line drawn along the lesser wing of the sphenoid, anterior clinoid processes, and the sphenoidal jugum

25
Q

What constitutes the bony floor of the anterior cranial fossa?

A

orbital plates of frontal bone, crista galli, and cribriform plate of ethmoid

26
Q

What passes through the cribriform plate?

A

fila olfactoria of cranial nerve I, the olfactory nerve

27
Q

An emissary vein leaves the anterior cranial fossa via what opening?

A

foramen cecum

28
Q

What is the posterior boundary of the middle cranial fossa?

A

superior border of petrous part of temporal bone, posterior clinoid processes, and dorsum sella of sphenoid bone

29
Q

What bony feature is prominent in the median plane of the middle cranial fossa?

A

sella turcica

30
Q

Which cranial nerves exit the skull via the middle cranial fossa ostia?

A

cranial nerves II, IIII, IV, V, and VI

31
Q

What are the contents of the optic canal?

A

the optic nerve and ophthalmic artery

32
Q

What are the contents of the superior orbital fissure?

A

the ophthalmic veins, the oculomotor nerve, the trochlear nerve, the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve, and the abducent nerve

33
Q

Which single opening will allow the exit of the greatest number of cranial nerves?

A

the superior orbital fissure

34
Q

What is unique about the ophthalmic artery and veins?

A

unlike other artery-vein combinations they will not share the same opening: the ophthalmic artery is in the optic canal, ophthalmic veins are in the superior orbital fissure

35
Q

What are the contents of the foramen ovale?

A

the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (Vc) and the lesser petrosal branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve

36
Q

What are the contents of the foramen spinosum?

A

the nervus spinosus from the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve and the middle meningeal artery

37
Q

What forms the roof of the posterior cranial fossa?

A

the tentorium cerebelli

38
Q

What part of the central nerve system occupies the posterior cranial fossa?

A

the cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata

39
Q

What bony feature is prominent in the median plane of the posterior cranial fossa?

A

the clivus or basilar part of the occipital bone

40
Q

Which cranial nerves exit posterior cranial fossa ostia?

A

cranial nerve VII (facial), VIII (vestibulocochlear/auditory), IX (glossopharyngeal), X (vagus), XI (spinal accessory), and XII (hypoglossal)

41
Q

What are the contents of the internal acoustic meatus?

A

cranial nerves VII (facial nerve) and VIII (vestibulocochlear/auditory nerve), the nervus intermedius/nerve of Wrisberg/sensory root of VII and the motor root of VII, the vestibular and cochlear roots of VIII and the internal auditory/internal labyrinthine artery and vein

42
Q

what are the contents of the jugular foramen?

A

the jugular bulb, the inferior petrosal sinus, the tympanic body/tympanic glomus or jugular body/jugular glomus, cranial nerves IX (glossopharyngeal), X (vagus), and XI (spinal accessory)

43
Q

What can the five layers of the scalp spell?

A

Skin, Connective tissue, Aponeurosis, Loose connective tissue, Periosteum… SCALP

44
Q

What are the principle sources of blood to the scalp?

A

internal carotid and external carotid branches

45
Q

Which divisions of the trigeminal nerve receive sensory information from the scalp?

A

all 3 division: ophthalmic nerve, maxillary nerve, and mandibular nerve

46
Q

What is the third layer of the scalp associated with?

A

muscular component of the scalp

47
Q

What muscle(s) are specifically associated with the scalp?

A

frontalis and occipitalis bellies of the epicranius muscle

48
Q

The bellies of the epicranius muscles are connected by what structure?

A

galea aponeurotica

49
Q

What specific nerves provide motor control to the scalp muscle?

A

facial nerve: posterior auricular and temporal branches

50
Q

What is unusal/unique about the muscles of the face?

A

they do not act as lever muscles; they do not attach to bone at both origin and insertion

51
Q

Which muscles lack any attachment to bone?

A

orbicularis oris, procerus, and risorius

52
Q

What motor fibers to skeletal muscle are given off by facial nerve?

A

brachial efferent (BE)

spinal final (6 decks)

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