L5- Gender discrimination Flashcards
- What is gender discrimination?
Gender discrimination is when an individual is treated less fairly than other based on their sex, marital status or because they are pregnant. It can be direct/blatant or indirect/ subtle.
What are some real world examples of gender discrimination?
Wage gap
Wage increases based on continuity of employment- (women would have taken maternity leave/ taking time off to be with kids)
- What was the gender pay gap in Australia in November of 2016?
- 5 %
- 12 %
- 16%
- 20%
- 16%
Why is it that the wage gap is higher in the private sector than the public (19.6/ 11.9%)?
Room for negotiation in wages and promotions- women found to be less comfortable negotiating than men.
- What are the primary aims of the Sex Discrimination Act (1984)?
Promote equality
Eliminate discrimination on the basis of sex, marital status or pregnancy, with respect to dismissals, family responsibilities
Eliminate sexual harassment
What is the associate professors scissor graph?
Drop of women associate professors 2015- 39 % → professors 28%
What is Elizabeth Broderick’s solution to the discriminatory billable hours schema currently in place in most law firms?
To measure outcome rather than input. Found part-timers are some of the most effective workers due to their need to have good time management skills.
Define the Glass Ceiling Effect
The GCE occurs in upper level management and refers to women receiving fewer promotions than their equally qualified and experienced male counterparts.
What does Karpin’s Report state about the effects of the GCE in Australia?
It’s negatively impacting Australia’s enterprises and its economic performance internationally, and that for better economic output more women need to be put in upper level management positions.
How do intragroup similarity and prototypicality contribute to GCE? What is the Social Identity Approach?
- Social identity approach- w are seen as less prototypical of the groups they are expected to lead than men by those appointing them (mainly men)
- W less likely to be seen as defining the leaders prototype
- W less likely to be doing the defining of a leader
What did Eagly and Karau (07) find with regards to sex role stereotypes?
a) That men and women are equally likely to get a management role even though the numbers aren’t 50/50
b) That although there are less women getting put in managerial roles they are as equally valued as their male counterparts
c) That women are evaluated less favourably to be put in a managerial role and once they are their behaviour is less favourably evaluated
c) That women are evaluated less favourably to be put in a managerial role and once they are their behaviour is less favourably evaluated
How do sex role stereotypes contribute to GCE?
- Automatic associations between masculinity and management
* Women seen as more caring rather than assertive or ambitious- leads to cycle of restricted advancement
What are some organisational structures that contribute to GCE?
- Sexist wording on performance appraisals
- Differences in tasks assigned
- Training opportunities
- Mentoring relationships
What is the glass cliff?
Woman in upper level management have only been appointed here because it was either a time of poor performance within the company or because the risk of failure is high.
therefore any failures attributed to her
What is the “saviour effect”?
Cook and Glass- Women are not given managerial freedom to bring their firms out of crisis, and upon the return of a male manager it is understood things have “returned to normal”
