Chapter 2-systems

Question 1

central nervous system

Answer 1

the part of the nervous system composed of the brain and spinal cord

Question 2

peripheral nervous system

Answer 2

made up of sensory and motor neurons. It connects the central nervous system to the rest of the body, and detects and responds to change.

Question 3

Neurons

Answer 3

Nerve cell

Question 4

Nerves

Answer 4

A bundle of neurons

Question 5

Sensory neurons

Answer 5

A nerve cell in the sense organs

Question 6

Interneurons

Answer 6

A nerve cell that carries nervous impulses through the central nervous system.

Question 7

motor neurons

Answer 7

a nerve cell that causes an organ such as a muscle or gland, to respond to a stimuli

Question 8

cell membrane

Answer 8

structure that encloses a cell and allows things to come in or out

Question 9

organelles

Answer 9

small structure in a cell with a special function

Question 10

cytosol

Answer 10

fluid inside cells

Question 11

nucleus

Answer 11

centre of an atom made up of protons and neutrons

Question 12

dendrites

Answer 12

structure that relays information towards the cell body of a neuron

Question 13

cell body

Answer 13

contains the nucleus of a neuron also called grey matter

Question 14

axon

Answer 14

an appandage of the neuron that nervous impulses travel along to the next muscle or gland

Question 15

myelin

Answer 15

a fatty white substance that encases the axon

Question 16

synapse

Answer 16

the gap between ajoining neurons across which electrical impulses are sent

Question 17

vesicles

Answer 17

a small cavity filled with fluid

Question 18

neurotransmitters

Answer 18

chemical released from the axon terminals into the synapse between your nerve cells.

Question 19

effector

Answer 19

an organ that that responds to stimuli

Question 20

reflex arc

Answer 20

a nervous pathway involving a small number of neurons. A reflex occurs when nervous impulses travel from the receptor to the spinal cord and then to the effector organ.

Question 21

conscious response

Answer 21

When thinking takes place, we can make decisions about which responses are needed. Impulses are then sent along appropriate motor neurons to the effectors

Question 22

Peripheral nervous system

Answer 22

Made up of sensory and motor neurons. It connects the central nervous system to the rest of the body, and detects and responds to change

Question 23

Multicellular organism

Answer 23

An organism that has multiple cells most plants and animals are multicellular

Question 24

Homeostasis

Answer 24

The procces of the body keeping certain factors balanced

Question 25

Stimulus

Answer 25

A reaction to a situation thgrough the control centre

Question 26

Negative feedback

Answer 26

A response that reduces that original stimulus

Question 27

Gluecose

Answer 27

A simple carbohydrate and the simplest form of sugar

Question 28

Pancreas

Answer 28

A large gland in the bod that produces and secretes the hormone known as insulin as well as enzymes

Question 29

Insulin

Answer 29

Hormone that removes gluecose from the blood.

Question 30

Glycogen

Answer 30

The main storage carbohydrate in animals converted from gluecose by the liver.

Question 31

Positive feedback

Answer 31

When the response amplifies the stimuli by enforcing it.

Question 32

Oxytocin

Answer 32

Hormone secreted from pituitary gland.

Question 33

Endocrine system

Answer 33

The body system that produces and secretes hormones

Question 34

Signalling molecules

Answer 34

A chemical involved in transmitting information between cells

Question 35

Hormones

Answer 35

A chemical substance produced by glands and circulated in the blood.

Question 36

Endocrine glands

Answer 36

Organs that produce hormones.

Question 37

Thermoregulation

Answer 37

The control of body temp

Question 38

Thermostat

Answer 38

A device that establishes and maintains a desired temp automatically