Microscopy

Question 1

What is the symbol for micrometres?

Answer 1

μm

Question 2

What is the symbol for nanometres

Answer 2

nm

Question 3

How do you convert millimetres to micrometres

Answer 3

x1000

Question 4

How do you convert micrometres to nanometres

Answer 4

x1000

Question 5

How do you convert micrometres to millimetres

Answer 5

/1000

Question 6

How do you convert nanometres to micrometres

Answer 6

/1000

Question 7

How do you convert from millimetres to nanometres

Answer 7

x1000 x1000

Question 8

How do you convert from nanometres to millimetres

Answer 8

/1000 /1000

Question 9

how do you convert from cmm to millimetre

Answer 9

x10

Question 10

how do you convert from millimetre to cmm

Answer 10

/10

Question 11

What is 0.005 micrometres in millimetres and nanometres

Answer 11

0.000005 - millimetres

5 nanometres

Question 12

How do you calculate Image size

Answer 12

Actual size times magnification

Question 13

how do you calcualte actual size

Answer 13

image size/magnification

Question 14

How do you caclcualte magnification

Answer 14

image size/ actual size

Question 15

What is the actual size of an object that has an image size of 50 mm and magniciation of 1200

Answer 15

Actual size = image size/ magnificaiton
50/1200 = 0.0416

4.16 μm

Question 16

Calculate the actual length of the organelle (102mm and x20000) as shown by the line AB in the diagram. Express your answer to the nearest micrometer (mm).

Answer 16

102 /20000

102000/20000

Question 17

Draw formation of ring structure from linear form glucose

Answer 17

See had out

Question 18

Comparison of collagen and Haemoglobin

Answer 18

Haemoglobin
Globular protein 
Peptide bonds , between amino acids
Soluble in water 
Wide range of AA in primary structure 
Contains a haem group (prosthetic group)
Alpha helix structure 
Four polypeptide chains 
hydrogen / H , bonds between (polypeptide) chains 

Collagen
Fibrous Protein
Peptide bonds, between amino acids
Insoluble in water
35% primary structure one type of AA (Glycine)
Every 3rd amino acids is same (glycine)
Glycine / small R group , allows closeness and twisting (of polypeptide chains
Does not have a prosthetic group
Left-handed helix structure
Three polypeptide chains ;
Hydrogen / H , bonds between (polypeptide) chains ;
no / few, hydrophilic (R) groups on outside (of molecule) ;
(adjacent molecules joined by) crosslinks
crosslinks / ends of molecules , being
staggered
fibril

Question 19

What are lipids

Answer 19

Lipids are a diverse group of compounds that are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol.

Question 20

What is the most common type of lipid

Answer 20

The most common types of lipid are triglycerides (sometimes known as true fats or neutral fats), but other important lipids include waxes, steroids and cholesterol.

Question 21

Compare lipid with carbohydrate

Answer 21

Like carbohydrates, lipids contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, but they have a higher proportion of hydrogen and a lower proportion of oxygen.

Question 22

Describe structure of a triglyceride

Answer 22

Glycol backbone with three fatyy acids
Composed of 3 fatty acid chains joined to a molecule of gylcerol
Glycerol is a 3 C alcohol

Question 23

What is a fatty acids

Answer 23

Fatty acids are molecules composed of long chains of C atoms with hydrogen attached, at one end of the chain is a carboxyl group -COOH

Question 24

in what type of action are fatty acids linked to the glycerol molecule

Answer 24

Fatty acids are linked to the glycerol molecule by condensation reactions

Question 25

Where are glycerol and fatty acids linked in triglerceride

Answer 25

Between the –COOH group of the fatty acid and the an –OH group on the glycerol

Question 26

What is the bond formed between a glyvercol and fatty acids in triglyceride

Answer 26

The bond formed is called an ester linkage

Question 27

what happens to the fatty acid in formation of triglyercide

Answer 27

The fatty acid chains lose their acidic properties

Question 28

Compare phospholipid and trigyercide and describe in gerneal

Answer 28

Similar in structure to the triglycerides but one of the fatty acid chains is replace by a phosphate group
The phosphate group ionises, this gives it a negative charge making it polar.
The polar phosphate group attracts water (is hydrophilic)