My Notes: Earth Materials

Question 1

Why does CO2 affect temperature?

Answer 1

Because heat gets trapped

Question 2

What is the greenhouse effect?

Answer 2

Sunlight is reflected (infrared), radiated heat from the ground, trapped by greenhouse gases.

Question 3

What does the infrared heat up?

Answer 3

Atoms in the atmosphere

Question 4

What are the 3 greenhouse gases?

Answer 4

H2O (vapour)
CO2 (carbon dioxide)
CH4 (methane)

Question 5

What happens as CO2 in the atmosphere increases?

Answer 5

More heat in the atmosphere

Question 6

Last___years, ever___years alternates between hot spell and glaciation.

Answer 6

• 700 000

- 100 000

Question 7

Why do we have season?

Answer 7

We have seasons because the EArth’s axis is not perpendicular to the plane of its orbit. .Over time, the tilt angle varies with a frequency of 41 000 years

Question 8

An individual mineral has a___chemical composition.

Answer 8

fixed

Question 9

Where does olivine come from?

Answer 9

meteorites

Question 10

What is olivine (gem quality) called?

Answer 10

peridot

Question 11

How many different chemical compositions of minerals are there?

Answer 11

2000 or 6000 depending on whether you count the variants.

Question 12

What is the shape of minerals controlled by?

Answer 12

arrangement of internal atoms

Question 13

Doe crystals depend on size?

Answer 13

no only shape

Question 14

How many fundamentally different crystal forms are there? How many variant does each for have?

Answer 14

• 7 forms

- about 6 variants each

Question 15

Is sodium smaller or larger than chlorine?

Answer 15

smaller

Question 16

True of false: each crystal has its own crystal lattice structure.

Answer 16

true

Question 17

What is the difference between cleavage and fracture?

Answer 17

Cleavage: controlled by the unit cell geometry
Fracture: break not controlled by the unit cell geometry

Question 18

True or false: many minerals will produce repetitive cleavage shape when you break them.

Answer 18

true

Question 19

What can colour derive from?

Answer 19

• colour can derive from the way the objet handles light in some cases
• chemical composition
• trace elements
• way atoms are put together

Question 20

What are trace elements?

Answer 20

Don’t take part in crystal elements–get accidentally trapped.

Question 21

What causes hardness with the element carbon?

Answer 21

Diamonds (hard): form under high pressure and temperature, carbons atoms arranged so that every carbon atoms is as far away as it is close from its closest one, dense 3D package
Graphite: forms under lower pressure and temperature, atoms well bound and close together in a series of hexagons forming sheets of hexagons, sheets attached to other sheets by weak electrostatic force so they break easily

Question 22

What controls harness for all minerals?

Answer 22

Way crystal lattice is.

Question 23

How do minerals grow?

Answer 23

Minerals grow by adding atoms to what is already there