1. mutations

Question 1

mutations

Answer 1

substitution 
deletion 
addition 
duplication (1 or more bases repeated)
inversion (sequence of bases reversed)
translocation (sequence of bases moved from one location in the genome to another)

Question 2

mutations can cause

Answer 2

genetic disorders
increased likelihood of developing cancer
(if gamete containing mutation is fertilised will be passed to foetus - hereditary mutations)

Question 3

which mutations almost always change amino acid sequence

Answer 3

addition
duplication
deletion
cause a frame shift

Question 4

how can mutagenic agents increase rate of mutation

e.g. UV radiation, ionising radiation

Answer 4

1. acting as a base (can substitute for a base during replication)
2. altering bases (can delete or alter bases)
3. changing structure of DNA (causes problems during replication)