Bipolar and Related Disorders Flashcards
What is Bipolar 1 (manic episode)
You are very creative and have lots of energy, and this makes you feel really good and gives you a lot of confidence. As this builds momentum you get these feelings of euphoria and mania (their eyes are dancing, jumping from one idea to another).
Their sense of smell and vision is much more acute; they dress much more colourfully.
The sad thing is after the manic period ends they do not remember what happened (they therefore feel incredible amounts of guilt about what they could have done).
What percent of the population commit suicide if they aren’t on any sort of medication to treat Bipolar 1.
1/4
Which Criterion differentiates between Bipolar 1 and Bipolar 2?
Criterion C because it differentiates between hyper-manic and manic episodes.
DSM-5 BIPOLAR 1 DISORDER criteria
A. At least one week of:
- abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive or irritable mood
- increased goal directed activity/energy, present nearly daily
B. 3 or more present:
- inflated self-esteem or grandiosity
- decreased need for sleep
- rapid or pressured speech
- flight of ideas or racing thoughts
- distractibility
- increase in goal-directed activity or psychomotor agitation
- excessive involvement in activities that have a high potential for negative consequences
C. The mood disturbance is:
- sufficiently severe to cause marked impairment in occupational functioning or in usual social activities
- or to necessitate hospitalisation to prevent harm to self or others
- or there are psycho features (delusions)
What is Bipolar 2 Disorder (Hypomanic Episode)?
Is shorter than bipolar 1, but symptoms are the same.
Difference is in Criterion C - the highs are not as high; these people can actually function. It’s a good high - you have enhanced characteristics, so are still functioning and not strong enough to cause marked impairment or hospitalisation.
DSM-5 BIPOLAR 2 criteria
A. At least 4 days of:
- abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive or irritable mood
- increased goal directed activity/energy, present nearly daily
B. 3 or more
- inflated self-esteem
- decreased need for sleep
- more talkative
- flight of ideas; racing thoughts
- distractibility
- increased goal directed activity or psychomotor agitation
- excessive involvement in pleasurable activities which have a potential for negative consequences
C. Not sever enough to cause marked impairment, or hospitalisation and no psychotic features.
What is CYCLOTHYMIC DISORDER?
Is a chronic illness, less severe form of Bipolar Disorder.
Numerous cycles of hypomania symptoms and depression symptoms that are not severe enough to meet criteria for manic or MDD (highs aren’t as high as mania and lows aren’t as low as Major Depression).
Lifetime prevalence of BIPOLAR 1 and BIPOLAR 2 in Australia
Bipolar 1: up to 1%
Bipolar 2: around 5%
What is the 12 month prevalence of BIPOLAR?
1.3%
What are the gender differences in BIPOLAR?
No gender differences.
What is the onset for BIPOLAR?
Peak at 15-25 years (for both genders).
BIPOLAR DISORDER comorbidity rates
Anxiety disorders (panic, GAD, social phobia) and substance misuse.
How many people with BIPOLAR DISORDER attempt to commit suicide? How many succeed?
At least 25% will attempt suicide; 10-20% will completed suicide.
Heritability factors (chance of one parent and two parents resulting in child having bipolar)
The chance that a bipolar parent will result in their child being bipolar is 10%.
The chance if BOTH parents are bipolar leaves a 40% chance that their child is also bipolar.
BIPOLAR DISORDER is a neurobiological disorder affecting the malfunction of what 3 neurotransmitters?
Serotonin, dopamine and noradrenaline
