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ZZZ AS level: Chemistry - > Group 7 trends/chlorine > Flashcards

Group 7 trends/chlorine Flashcards

1
Q

what is the trend of electronegativity down the group?

A

decreases

  • more shielding
  • distance of shared electrons in H-X bond from nucleus increases
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2
Q

what is the trend of b.p/m.p down the group?

A

increases

  • larger atoms
  • more van der waals forces
  • more heat energy required to overcome forces
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3
Q

how does boiling point link to volatility?

A

low b.p = more volatile (ability to evaporate at normal temp)

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4
Q

what is the trend of oxidising ability down the group?

A
  • decreases
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5
Q

what type of reaction occurs when halogen with better oxidising ability reacts with a metal halide?

A

displacement reaction

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6
Q

what is observed when fluorine reacts with chlorine?

A

displaces chlorine

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7
Q

what is observed when fluorine reacts with bromine?

A

orange solution

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8
Q

what is observed when fluorine reacts with iodine?

A

black solid

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9
Q

what is the trend of reducing ability down the group?

A

increases

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10
Q

reaction of sodium chloride with concentrated sulfuric acid

A
  • acid-base reaction (NO REDOX)
  • steamy fumes of hydrogen chloride
    NaCl + H2SO4 → NaHSO4 + HCl
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11
Q

reaction of sodium bromide with concentrated sulfuric acid

A
  • REDOX REACTION: halogen oxidised
  • steamy fumes of hydrogen bromide
  • colourless SO2
  • brown fumes of bromine

NaBr + H2SO4 → NaHSO4 + HBr
2HBr + H2SO4 → SO2 + 2H2O

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12
Q

reaction of sodium iodide with concentrated sulfuric acid

A
  • REDOX REACTION: halogen oxidised
  • steamy fumes of hydrogen iodide
  • colourless SO2
  • bad egg smell of hydrogen iodide
  • black solid of iodine

NaI + H2SO4 → NaHSO4 + HI
2HI + H2SO4 → SO2 + 2H2O
6HI + SO2 → 3I2+ 2H2O + H2S

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13
Q

What type of reaction does chlorine undergo when it reacts with water?

A

disproportionation reaction (it is both reduced and oxidised in same reaction)

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14
Q

what is produced when chlorine reacts with water out of sunlight?

A

hydrogen chloride and hydrogen chlorate

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15
Q

what is produced when chlorine reacts with water out of sunlight?

A

hydrogen chloride and oxygen

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16
Q

why is chlorine used for water treatment?

A
  • kills disease-causing microorganisms
  • prevents growth of algae
  • prevents re-infection
17
Q

what are the risks of chlorine?

A
  • toxic
  • skin burns
  • respiratory irritant
  • produces chlorinated hydrocarbons which are carcinogenic
18
Q

why do we use chlorine knowing these risks?

A
  • benefits outweigh risks

- low concentration are used

19
Q

what is produced when chlorine reacts with NaOH?

A
  • sodium chlorate
  • sodium chloride
  • water
20
Q

what is sodium chlorate used for?

A

weed killer

21
Q

what is hydrogen chlorate used in?

A

bleach

ZZZ AS level: Chemistry - (8 decks)

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